£GOJT 


TEXPBOOK 


OF 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


SCOTT-BROWNE'S 

TEXT-BOOK  of  PHONOGRAPHY. 


A.    NEW    PRESENTATION    OF    THE    PRINCIPLES    OF 
THE  ART, 

AS   PRACTISED   BY  NINE-TENTHS  OF  THE  MEMBERS  OF  THE  PROFES- 
SION IN  AMERICA;  AND  THE  ONLY  WORK  EMBODYING  THE 

IMPROVEMENTS  MADE  IN  THE  LAST  TEN  YEARS. 


FOR 

SCHOOLS,  COLLEGES  A ND  PRIVATE  INSTRUCTION. 


BY 

MR.  AND  MRS.  D.  L.  SCOTT-BROWNE, 

TEACHERS  OF  THE  ART  FOR  EIGHT  YEARS  IN  THE  COLLEGE  OF  PHONOGRAPHY: 
EDITORS  OF  "BROWNE'S  PHONOGRAPHIC  MONTHLY  AND  REPORTERS'  JOUR- 
NAL"  (ORGAN  OF  THE  PROFESSION):   AUTHORS  OF  THE  AMERICAN 
STANDARD  SERIES  OF  PHONOGRAPHIC  TEXT-BOOKS;  MEMBERS 
OF  THE   AMERICAN    PHILOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 


PART       I. 


NEW-YORK: 
D.   L.  SCOTT-BROWNE. 
1882. 


COPYRIGHT    I'.Y 
MRS.  A.   C.   SCOTT-BROWNE. 

1882. 


o 
o 

c? 

k* 

PREFACE. 


THIS  work  is  a  new,  modern  presentation  of  the  principles  of  what  is  known 
as  the  STANDARD  AMERICAN  or  BENN  PITMAN  SYSTEM  or  FONOGRAFY  (the  most 
popular  system  in  use),  with,  added  thereto,  such  improvements  as  have,  by  the 
best  fonosrafik  scholars,  teachers  and  practitioners  of  the  art,  been  made  and 
accepted  during  the  past  ten  years,  and  which  have  never  before  been  embodied 
in  text-book  form. 

During  the  past  five  years  this  system,  as  herein  presented,  has  been  taught  at 
SCOTT- BROWNE'S  COLLEGE  OF  FONOGRAFY,  New-York  City,  with  the  most  gratify. 
' ,    ing  results;  and  the  gentlemen  and  ladies  graduated  at  this  institution,  now  occupying 
**\  both  professional  and  official  positions,  are  among  the  most  competent  and  success- 
ful shorthand  writers  in  the  country. 

}_  This  work  presents  but  one  style  of  writing,  equally  suited  to  all  uses  required 
t/j  either  by  the  amanuensis  or  verbatim  reporter,  and  is,  in  every  respect,  the  system 
^_  best  adapted  to  the  acquirement  and  practise  of  the  great  mass  of  people  for 
BC  all  business  and  reporting  purposes,  as  its  developement  has  been  extended  fanner, 
OC  and  contributed  to  by  a  greater  number  of  minds,  than  any  other,  pre-eminently 
— ?  fitting  it  to  be  the  standard  system  of  shorthand  writing  in  America. 


The  use  of/",  instead  of  ph,  in  the  words  fonografy,  stenografy,  etc.,  in  this  book, 

is  in  strict  accordance  with  the  orthografy  of  the  Greek  words  from  which  they  are 

;*     derived;    also,    the  dropping  of  final    e  in   words   where  the    preceding  vowel    is 

short,  as  in  positiv,  derivativ,  etc.,  (sustaining  one  of  our  oldest  orthographic  rules). 

are  both  in  agreement  with  the  recommendation   and  practise  of  <he  Filological 

rjj     Societies  of  England  and  America. 

THK  AUTHORS. 
3     Fonografik  Headquarters, 

New-York  City, 
July,  1 88 a, 


452137 


CONTENTS. 


I'REFACK Ut 

To  THE  LEARNER            ........  v 

DEKINITIUNS  ....                        .....  viii 

CONSONANTS:— 

Lesson  I. — Consonant  Alfabet  .......  i 

VOWELS  AND  VOWEL1ZATION:— 

Lesson  II.— Positiv  and  Rebtiv  Values    ......  6 

Lesson  III. — Short  Vowels        .......  13 

Lesson  IV. — Extra  Vowels            .......  17 

Punctuation,  Capitals,  Emphasis          ......  18 

Lesson  V. — Difthongs  or  Compound  Vowels      .....  19 

Lesson  VI. — Joined  Vowel  Ticks          ......  21 

CIRCLES  AND  LOOPS:— 

Lesion  VII. — Brief  addil  ional  signs  for  s  and  z               ....  22 

Lesson  VIII. — Loops  for  st  and  str     ......  27 

SEMICIRCLES  AND  HOOK:— 

Lesson  IX. — Brief  Signs  for  Wa  and  Ya                           ....  29 

Lesson  X. — Brief  Wo.  and  Ya  Signs  disjoined            .  32 

ASPIRATE  TICK,  HEH:— 

Lesson  XI. — Heh  on  stems            .......  37 

ABBREVIATIONS  AND  POSITION:  — 

Lesson  XII. — Abbreviations — Simple  and  Compound  Stems           .            .  38 

Lesson  XIII. — Abbreviations — Circles,  Loops  and  Vowels      .  43 
Lessoa  XIV. — Abbreviations — Brief  Wa.  and  Ya  Signs— Vowel,  Stem, 

and  Brief  Sign  Combination        ......  46 

HALF-LENGTHS  AND  ED  TICK:— 

Lesson  XV. — Halving  Stems  to  add  /  or  d—ed  tick — Abbreviations              .  48 

INITIAL  HOOKS:— 

Lesson  XVI.— Small  Initial  Hooks  for  /  and  r  on  mated  stems—/  and  r 

on  unmated  stems — Abbreviations        .....  55 

Lesson  XVII. — The  Initial  Circle  on  /  and  r  hook  signs — Abbreviations      .  63 

Lesson  XVIII — Back  Hook  for  in,  cn.un.           .           .           .           .  66 

Lesson  XIX.— W-tick 67 

Lesson  XX. — Small  Terminal  Hooks  for  n  f  and  v — Abbreviations         .  69 

Expression  of  Numbers       ........  74 

Lesson  XXI.— SAun  and  £skun  Hooks — Abbreviations     ...  75 

SHADING  AND  LENGTHENING:— 

Lesson  XXII.— Shading  Eiii — lengthening  ing— lengthening  oth-r  curves 

and  Ra  and  Hah — Abbreviations                            .....  78 

PREFIXES  AND  AFFIXES:— 

Lesion  XXIII. — Prefixes — Compound  Prefixes        ....  81 

Lesson  XXIV. — Affixes — Abbreviations  as  Affixes        .             ...  85 

ANALOGY  AND  PHRASING:— 

Lesson  XXV. — Analogy — Phrasing           ......  88 


TO    THE    LEARNER, 


IN  taking  up  the  study  of  Fonografy  the  learner  must  under- 
stand, from  the  start,  that  he  is  to  lay  aside  the  methods  of  both 
spelling  and  writing  words  as  taught  in  our  books  and  dictionaries; 
and  that  he  must  place  himself  in  the  attitude  of  a  child  who  is  just 
beginning  to  learn  his  ABC.  There  are  two  reasons  for  this  advice: 

ist. — The  fonografik  alfabet,  unlike  the  one  in  our  spelling  books, 
contains  as  many  letters  or  signs  as  there  are  elements  or  sounds  in 
the  English  language,  and  not  one  of  these  letters  or  signs  stands 
for  more  than  one  sound  or  value,  hence,  every  word  is  to  be  spelled 
by  just  those  letters  or  signs  that  represent  the  sound  heard  in  the 
word — one  sign  for  each  sound,  and  no  more.  For  example,  the 
word  talk  is  composed  of  three  sounds,  or  elements,  t-aiv-k;  speak  is 
composed  of  four  elements,  s-p-e-k;  back,  three  elements,  b-d-k; 
laugh,  three  elements,  l-ah-f;  etc.  So,  in  fonografy,  there  must  be 
just  as  many  signs  used  in  spelling  a  word  as  there  are  elements,  or 
sounds,  heard  in  the  pronunciation  of  the  word;  three  signs  in  spelling 
talk,  because  there  are  but  three  elements  heard;  four  signs  in  speak, 
because  there  are  but  four  elements  heard;  and  so  on,  in  this  way 
with  all  the  words  in  the  language. 

2d. — The  letters  or  signs  of  the  fonografik  alfabet  are  all  new 
and  unfamiliar  to  the  learner,  the  same  as  a  b  c  are  new  and  un- 
familiar to  the  child  just  learning  them,  and  must  be  acquired  in  the 
same  way — by  memorizing.  The  child  memorizes  principally  by 
the  repeating  process.  The  adult  shortens  this  process  by  bringing 
his  mind — his  judgment — his  reasoning  powers — to  his  assistance. 
He  calls  to  his  aid  all  the  ideas  that  he  can  associate  in  any  way 
with  the  lessons  he  is  learning,  that  could  avail  him  any  thing  in  ac- 
quiring them.  The  more  intelligent  the  student,  the  more  will  he 
learn  by  this  law  of  association  of  ideas. 

The  quickest  way  to  learn  the  alfabet  is,  First:  read  it  over, 
noticing  the  name,  sound,  form,  direction  and  thickness  or  shading  of 
each  sign.  Second:  read  carefully  what  is  said  about  the  manner  of 
writing  the  stems — whether  upward  or  downward,  etc.,  following  the 
directions  given  in  the  TEXT-BOOK,  on  page  2.  Third:  write  the 
first  eight  stems  of  the  alphabet,  making  and  naming  them  in  pairs, 
accenting  the  second  one  of  each  pair,  and  repeating  words  to  rhyme 
with  them  as  follows: 


SCOTT-BROWNES   TEXT-BOOK    . 


Pe     Be,     Te  De,   Cha  Ja,     Ka  Ga; 
This  is       for  w<r    to  learn     this  </l(y. 

Also  notice  that  the  stems  are  arranged  in  the  same  regular  order 
as  the  spokes  of  a  wheel,  and  that  there  is  a  thin  and  thick  or  light 

and  heavy  spoke  to  each  direction,  thus:    ~/fc~      \i/         \[/ 
which,   paired  thus:  \JL^     and   separated  without   breaking   their 
order,  appear  just  as  they  are  seen  in  the  alfabet: 

\\     II       '//    '  = 

Pe  Be,      Te  De,     Cha  Ja,     Ka  £«. 
This  t>    for  me     to  7<frtr«     this  day. 

Then  write  the  next  eight  stems,  making  and  naming  them  also 
in  pairs,  and  repeating  words  that  will  rhyme  with  them: 

Ef   Ve,      Ith   The,      Es  Ze,      Ish  Zhe; 
This  too,       for  *«<•        to  learn,      you  j«r. 

The  remaining  stems  are  unmated  and  divided  into  triplets,  with 
words  to  rhyme,  as  follows: 

La    Er    Ra,         Em      Un     Ing; 

Did  you  say  I  might  sing? 

Wa     Ya     Hah. 

Yes,  ha-//<7/ 

Write  the  alfabet  in  SCOTT-BROWNE'S  FONOGRAFIK  COPY  BOOK, 
following  the  directions  therein  given.  The  last  alfabet  exercise  in 
the  Copy-Book  being  like  the  one  on  page  3  of  this  book.  If  the 
Copy-Book  is  not  used,  any  blank  note-book  will  do,  taking  care  to 
have  the  exercises  neatly  and  correctly  written. 

At  this  point  ask  why  some  of  the  stems  are  mated — differ- 
ing only  in  being  light  and  heavy.  Answer.  Because  the  elements 
or  sounds  represented  by  the  stems  of  each  mated  pair  are  formed 
alike  in  the  mouth,  and  are  alike,  with  the  exception  that  the  light 
ones,/,  t,  etc.,  are  whispered,  while  their  mates  or  cognates,  b,  d, 
etc.,  are  voiced — the  voice  being  heard  before  the  lips  separate  to 
give  them  utterance.  Therefore  the  whispered  mated  elements  are 
represented  by  light  lines — light  sound,  light  stem — and  the  voiced 
mated  elements  by  heavy  lines — heavy  sound,  heavy  stem.  Pronounc- 
ing the  syllables  ap,  ab;  at,  ad;  ach,  aj;  a/;,  ag;  etc.,  will  enable 
the  student  to  preceive,  at  once,  both  the  similarity  and  difference 
between  the  mated  elements. 

The  unmated  elements  are  all  voiced  except  Hah,  and  are  repre- 
sented by  the  curved  stems  that  remained  after  the  mated  stems  were 
provided  for. 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 


PENS   AND   PENCILS. 

Practise  with  either  pen  or  pencil.  It  is  better  to  be  familiar 
with  the  use  of  both.  Let  the  pen  be  fine,  and  the  ink  clear  and 
black.  Hold  the  pen  loosely  so  that  it  can  be  turned  easily  in  writ- 
ing the  outlines  of  words  containing  stems  made  in  different  direc- 
tions. Some  reporters  hold  the  pen  or  pencil  between  the  first  and 
second  fingers.  It  is  a  good  way,  as  the  pen  is  more  easily  con- 
trolled and  it  enables  one  to  write  longer  without  fatigue.  Both  this 
and  the  usual  way  are  recommended — each  as  a  rest  to  the  other. 
Of  pencils  graded  by  numbers,  use  No.  3;  of  Dixon's  pencils,  use 
those  marked  S.  M.  (Soft  Medium);  of  the  American  Fonografic  Pen- 
cils, use  those  marked  S  (Soft). 

TIME  REQUIRED  TO  LEARN  PHONOGRAPHY. 

Directions  faithfully  followed  and  lessons  thoroughly  learned, 
together  with  an  hour's  daily  practise,  will  enable  the  average  student 
to  master  this  book  in  about  two  months.  A  month's  additional 
practise,  of  from  two  to  three  hours  daily,  from  another's  reading — 
using  any  common  school  reading  books  (from  Second  to  Fourth — 
omitting  all  the  poetry),  and  good  business  letters — will  fit  the 
student  to  begin  the  work  of  receiving  dictations  of  business  letter.s, 
provided  he  can  spell,  punctuate  and  write  longhand,  or  operate  :: 
writing  machine  well.  These  three  are  positiv  pre-requisites  in  a 
shorthand  amanuensis. 

HOW   AND   WHEN   TO   PRACTISE. 

In  writing  after  another's  reading  let  the  same  matter  be  re- 
peated three  times,  at  least.  This  enables  the  writer  to  criticise  his 
first  effort,  make  corrections,  choose  better  forms  for  words,  and  im- 
prove generally  the  appearance  of  the  second  effort.  The  third 
effort  confirms  the  corrections  and  improvements  of  the  second  and 
advances  one's  speed.  After  writing  any  thing  the  third  time  let  the 
shorthand  notes  be  read  as  many  as  two  or  three  times  and  written 
out  in  longhand  once.  Repetition  in  writing  and  reading  practise, 
is  one  of  the  secrets  of  gaining  speed  in  writing  and  readiness  in 
reading.  As  progress  is  made  in  correctness  and  speed  of  writing, 
the  repeating  practice  can  be  gradually  discontinued.  Let  the  stu- 
dent ahvays  read  every  thing  he  writes.  One's  own  notes,  after  be- 
coming able  to  write  easily,  make  better  reading  exercises  than 
engraved  fonografy.  Amanuenses  and  reporters  will  have  no  trouble 
in  reading  their  notes  if,  during  the  preparatory  course,  they  faith- 
fully read  every  thing  they  write. 


DEFINITION     OF    FONOGRAFY, 
ETC. 


FONOGRAFY  (Phonography). — Any  system  of  writing  language 
in  which  only  the  SOUNDS  of  the  SPOKEN  word  are  represented. 

STENOGRAFY. — Any  system  of  shorthand  writing,  using  briet 
alfabetic  signs,  arbitrary  characters,  principles  of  contraction,  etc., 
adequate  to  the  representation  and  speed  of  verbatim  speech.  The 
term  is  applied  to  systems  of  un-fonetik  shorthand. 

STENO-FONOGRAFY. — Any  system  of  fonetic  shorthand  employ- 
ing the  alfabetik  signs  of  stenography,  principles  of  abbreviation 
and  contraction,  devices,  etc..  adequate  to  the  representation  and 
speed  of  verbatim  speech. 

FONETIKS  (Phonetics). — The  science  of  the  sounds  of  the  human 
voice. — (Webster.) 

FONETIK  (Phonetic)  or  Fonik  (Phonic). — Relating  to  the  repre- 
sentation of  sounds  by  characters. — (Webster.) 

Fonetik  or  Fonlk  Shorthand  and  Steno-Fonografy  both  mean 
one  and  the  same  thing. 

The  system  of  Shorthand  or  Stenografy  taught  in  this  book 
is  fonetik  or  fonografik,  and,  hence,  like  all  other  systems  having 
a  fonetik  basis,  is  termed,  for  brevity,  Fonografy  instead  of  Steno- 
Fonografy,  there  being  no  longhand  fonografy  to  require  the  other 
as  a  distinguishing  name. 


PRONUNCIATION  OF  NATURE,  QUESTION,  ETC. 
The  theoretical  pronunciation  of  the  words  nature,  Juture,  ques- 
tion, fixture,  etc.,  is  not  so  conveniently  or  quickly  represented  in 
fonografy  as  the  popular  pronunciation;  therefore  this  work  sanctions 
the  fonografik  writing  of  nachur,  fuchur,  queschun,  jixchur,  etc.  If 
the  reporter  is  to  write  what  he  hears,  he  will  seldom  have  occasion 
to  represent  other  than  the  popular  pronunciation  given  to  this  class 
of  words. 


LESSON    I. 

1.—  CONSONANT  ALFABET. 

FONOGRAFIK 

STEM  or  LETTER. 

NAME. 

SOUND. 

POWER. 

STRAIGHT 

STEMS     (MATED). 

\ 

Pe 

P 

as  in         up 

$ 

\> 

Be 

b 

„             a£ 

2 

H 

•^ 

1 

Te 

t 

»»             ....          ....               it 

j 
M 

1 

De 

d 

»              ••••          ....             aid 

s 

/ 

Cha 

ch 

M              «...          ....           each 

a 

/ 

Ja 

j 

„             ....       joy,  age,  edge 



Ka 

k 

,,             ....       oa£,  «>o,  echo 

\ 

Ga 

g 

egg,  ego 

CURVED    STEMS    (MATED). 

/          . 

Ef 

f 

as  in         ....     \ft  laugh,  phase 

H 
z 

v 

Ve 

V 

.,             ....           eve,  Stephen 

Id 

1 

Ith 

th 

»             ....         ...          oath 

H 
J 

M 

( 

The 

dh 

the 

H 

) 

Es 

s 

i»              ....          ....     us,    are 

a 

2 

) 

Ze 

z 

),              ....          ....    ooze,   as 

p 

2 

O 

^J 

Ish 

sh 

,<              ash,  ocean 

u 

1     J 

Zhe 

zh 

,,             ....         azure 

CURVED    AND    STRAIGHT    STEMS    (NOT    MATED) 

ai 

'          f    upward 

La 

1 

as  in         a/e 

Is 

~\ 

Er 

r 

.»              ••••          ....             ear 

J  U 

3 

^^upward 

Ra 

r 

11             ....          ....           roar 

\ 

jlr     ^ 

Em 

m 

„              ....          ....           aim 

«  1             \_y 

Un 

n 

,,              ....          ....              a« 

2S  id 

91,       -^ 

Ing 

ng 

tt              song 

Mr    ^ 

Wa 

w 

„             ....          ....           way 

/r 

S  5 

Ya 

y 

,,             ....         ....            rou 

J      ASPI-  ^^      up- 

gw^RATE.-       ward 

Hah 

h 

,  ,              ....          ....            hay 

SCOTT-BROWtfeS  TEXT-BOOK 


MANNER   OF  WRITING  THE   STEMS. 

2.     The  Stems  \  Pe,   \  Be,     \     Te,     \    De,    /  Cha,   /   Ja, 
are  written  downward. 

3-     -  .  Ka,  -  Ga,  are  written  from  left  to  right. 

4.  \_   JSf,  ^  Vet    C    I***     C    The,    )   Et%    )    Ze,  _J    Zhe, 
are  written  down-ward. 

5.  _y  Ish  is  written  downward  when  it  is  the  only  stem  in  a 
word,  but  when  joined  to  other  stems  may  be  written  either  upward 
or  downward,  according  to  rules  given  in  advanced  lessons.     When 
written  upward  it  is  named  Ska. 


6.  f~^La  is  written  upward  when  it  is  the  only  stem  in  a  word, 
but  when  joined  to  other  stems   may  be  written  either  upward  or 
downward,  according  to  rules  given  in  advanced  lessons.    When  writ- 
ten downward  it  is  named  El. 

7.  ~~~^    Er  is  always  written  downward. 

8.  ^~  Ra  is  always  written  upward. 

9.  /"^  Km,  ^s  Un,  ^^  Ing,  are  written  from  left  to  right. 

10.  ~>j    IVa,  f~  Ya,  are  written  downward. 

11.  ^  Hah  is  always  written  upward. 

RESUMED 

a.  _J  Ish,  written  downward  when  it  is  the  only  stem  in  a  word. 
Written  either  upward  or  downward,  according  to  certain  rules,  when 
joined  to   other  stems.     Upward  name,  Sha. 

b.  f~  La,  written  upward  when  it  is  the  only  stem  in  a  word. 
Written  either  upward  or  downward,  according  to  certain  rules,  when 
joined  to  other  stems.     Downward  name,  El. 

c.  ^  Ra,  ^  Hah,  always  written  upward. 

d.  _  Ka,  _       Ga,  /—^  Em,  \^y  Un,  \^/  Ing,  written  from  left 
to  right. 

e.  All  the  other  stems  invariably  written  downward. 

NOTE.  —  Trace  and  name  every  one  of  the  stems  on  page  i  several   times;  after 
which,  practise  writing  them  in  "Scott-Browne's  Phonographic  Copy-Book,"  page  i. 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY 


3 


12.-EXERCISE  TO  BE  WRITTEN    IN   COPY-BOOK. 
Pe,     Be,    \\ \\ \\          \\     ....  \\      \\ 

Te,     De,         |  ]  |    |  |    |  ...  .     I   |  I      ..  I   I 

Cba,     Ja,/    / /../..// //.../././.../ /../. 

Ka,     Ga, 

Ef-      Ve>.S^J^....^W.  \-^-...S~V_   \_^_    .  V— ^ 

Ith,    The,    (   ( (    ( (     ( (  ( ((       (    ( 

Es,     Zc,     )..) I.)' )...) ....)..) )) ).). 

LaorEir-  r  r~...c...c.. .r  r  r  r  r  r  r  r 
Er-      ?s  "^.^N.ZN.Zi.^  "^  ~w:^  T>  t> 

Ra,         /  /  /  y  /  /  /  /  ^  ^  /  / 

Em  ^—^   s~^   s~*\  s~*\ 

Un,  v^    v_x    ^_s    \^s  ^^  v_y    ^s  v>- 

InS>  ^^   ^^    N^*/    \^s    s_x    N^ s    ^^/    s^x   *^s    **^s   \^^    ^_J 

Ya,      r.:  r....r...r._  r...  r  r.  r....c...c.  r.  r_. 

Hah.          ^    ^-     ^...^f..     ^.     ^    </    ^  ^  <^..<^.    </. 

NOTE. — For  practise  on  this  exercise  see  page  2  of  "  Phonographic  Copv-Book." 


SCO  TT-BR  O  WN&S  TEXT-  B  O  OK 


MANNER  OF  JOINING  CONSONANT  STEMS. 

13.  When  two  or  more  stems  are  used  in  the  outline  of  a  word, 
they  are  written  without  lifting  the  pen;  the  next  beginning  where  the 
preceding  one  ends.  Illustration  : 


p  k,         n  t,  r  m  I,         b  n  t,        r  r,          k  k,  m  m,        m  n. 

14.     RULE  I. — The  first  downward  stem  of  a  consonant    outline 
must  end  on  the  line  of  writing.     Illustration: 


f 


*Pi  fv>  ch  &•  PP>  nl,          d  t. 

15.     RULE  II.  —  ^^  first  upward  stem  of  a  consonant  outline  must 
begin  on  the  line  of  writing.     Illustration: 


r  k,  II,  h  n,  sh  /,  m  r. 

16.     Join  the  following  stems  without  making  an  angle: 

r  -  .........  C    .s_.... 


Ik,          f  n,  t!i  n,  In,          vg,  d  f,  I  r, 

O  .....  .O  ......  r^  .....  ^ 


/  s,  m  s,  m  n,  m  ng,  b  ng,  t  n,          r  sh. 

17.     Always  make  an  angle  between  the  following  stems: 


f  n,  v  ng,  I  m,  r  s. 

18.  Curve  Em  a  little  more  before  Ka  and  a  little  less  before 
Tt,  in  order  to  secure  sharper  angles;  thus:  i^V__  m  k,  \  m  t. 

Practise  on  the  foregoing  outlines  until  they  can  be  written  readily 
and  neatly. 

Read  carefully  and  with  patience,  the  Exercise  on  the  following 
page,  pronouncing  aloud,  first  the  name,  and  then  the  sound  of  each 
stem.  Illustration: 


Pe-Em      p  m,  sounding  the  p  as  in  ape,  leaving  off 
the  a;  m  as  in  tiie,   leaving  off  e. 

NOTE.  —  For  practise  on  this  exercise  see  page  3  of  "  Phonographic  Copy-Book." 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 


19.— READING   EXERCISE. 


20.  The  hook  on  //aA  cannot  be  made  perfectly  when  //«/&  s 
joined  to  Ja,  Ya,  etc.,  but  an  imperfect  hook  or  offset  is  made  on  the 
stems,  which  is  just  as  legible  to  the  student  as  the  complete  hook, 
after  becoming  familiar  with  it. 

The  above  Reading  Exercise  contains  the  correct  consonant  out- 
lines of  the  following  words: 

21.— WRITING   EXERCISE. 

a.  Pope,    pub,    pity,    pick;    bevy,    busy,    bush,  bijou;    Tabby, 
tidy,   tag;    daisy,    duly,   door,    dame,  deny;    check,    China,    cherry; 
Johnny,    gem,    jury,    Jehu;    keep,   Cady,   cage,   coffee;   Goth,    Gus- 
sie,   gush,    gaily,  gear,  game. 

b.  Fish,    fame;    vale,    valley,    veer,    vary;     theme,    thorough; 
sewer;    zeal;    sham,  shallow. 

c.  Lehigh,  lodge,  Lena,  lung,  league,  love,  lobby,  Lizzie,  Laura, 
Alma;  arm,  ark,  early,  Aurora;  rock,  review,  rib,  rich,  ridge,  rash, 
rely,  wreath,  renew,  rear. 

d.  Make,  mug,  meadow,  map,  move,  mail,  Mary,  maim,  money, 
among,    Mayhew;    nap,    into,   inch,   nag,   enough,   knoweth,    noisy, 
Nash,  nail,   narrow,  anyway,  N.  Y.  (En-  Ya),  N.  H.  (En-Hah). 

e.  Await,  awoke,  Oyer,  Yahoo;  holy,  Harry,  honey,  ha-ha. 
NOTE. — Practise  on  pages  4  and  5  of  "Scott-Browne's  Phonographic  Copy- Book. " 


SCOTT-BROWNE'S  TEXT-BOOK 


VOWELS  AND  VOWELIZATION. 

LE  SSON      II. 

POSITIV  AND   RELATIV  VALUES. 

1.  The  sound  for  which  any  sign  or  letter  stands  is  called  the 
value  or  power  of  that  sign  or  letter  ;  and  if  that  si^n  or  letter  never 
stands  for  any  other  value  or  power — never  changes  its  value,  but 
always   keeps   the   same — that  value  is  termed  fixed,  or  positiv,  or 
absolute, — all  three  of  these  words  being  in  use  to  express  the  same 
idea.     It  has  been  observed  in  the  foregoing  lesson  that  the  values 
of  the  fonografik  (phonographic)  consonant-signs  are  positiv,  fixed, 
unchanging;  that  is,  p  is  always  p,  and  d  always  d,  wherever  they  are 
written,  and  never  stand  for  the  sound  of  f  or  t  or  any  other  value 
than  each  its  own. 

2.  But  in  this  lesson  it  will  be  noticed   that  the  values  of  the 
simple  vowel  signs  are  not  positiv,  but  are  dependent  upon  their  rela- 
tion to  the  consonant  stem  for  their  values.     To  illustrate  :  A  heavy  dot 
written  opposit  the  beginning  of  a  stem  thus,     I    ,  is  called  e,  but  if 
this  same  dot  is  moved  down  opposit  the  middle  of   the  stem,  thus, 

"I  ,  it  is  called  a,  and  if  moved  again  down  opposit  the  end  of  the 
stem,  thus,  .1  ,  it  is  called  ah;  thus  forming  a  short  scale  of  three 
sounds,  f,  a,  ah, — the  consonant  stem  being  of  a  convenient  size  to 
furnish  three  distinctly  different  vowel  sounds.  By  this,  then,  it  is  seen 
that  the  simple  vowel  signs  do  not  have  fixed  values,  as  it  can  not  be 
known  what  to  call  a  dot  till  it  has  been  placed 'by  the  side  of  a  stem; 
hence,  it  is  said  that  the  vowel  signs  possess  relativ  value;  that  is, 
their  relation  to  the  stem  must  be  shown  before  it  can  be  known  what 
sound,  or  value,  to  giv  them. 

3.  The  vowel  signs,  then,  possess  not  positiv  but  relativ  value, 
and  are  represented  by  dots  and  dashes  written  in  three  different  places 
by  the  side  of  the  consonant  stem,  and  made  heavy  and  light  to  cor- 
respond with  long  and  short  vowel  signs.   Heavy  signs  for  long  vowels 
and  light  signs  for  short  ones. 

THE  VOWEL  SCALE,  OR  ALFABET. 

4.  There  are,  in  the  English  language,  sixteen  simple  vowel  ele- 
ments— six   long,  and   ten   short, — and   seven  compound  vowels,  or 
difthongs,  as  heard  in  the  following  words: — 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 


LONG  VOWELS. 

"Be,  err,  fare,  far,  fall,  move. 

SHORT    VOWELS. 

7t,  ell,  up,  CUT,  at,  ask,  log,  wh^le,  wolf,  and  j[,* 
the  initial  element  of  the  difthong,  z-oo,  heard  in  the  words  blue,  rue, 
rude,  tune,  suit,  etc. 

COMPOUND  VOWELS,    OR  DIFTHONGS. 

Ale,  old,  tee,  oil,  owl,  true,  p«re. 

5.  For  practical  reporting  purposes  it  is  not  found  necessary  to 
represent  each  of  these   elements  with  a  distinct  sign  of  its   own. 
Eighteen  signs  are  regarded  sufficient — fourteen  simple  and  four  com- 
pound signs.     Two  of  the  seven  difthongs — a  and  o — are,  for  reasons 
not  necessary  to  explain  here,  classed,  in  fonografy  (phonography), 
with  the  simple  vowels  and  represented  by  simple  signs. 

LONG  VOWELS  AND  THEIR  SIGNS. 

6.  The  six  long  vowels  (including  a  and  d),  classed  together,  are 

as  follows: 

e  a  ah  aw  o  oo 

and  represented  thus: 

•:  .  i  -:  !  : 

•:  ••» 

e  a  ah  aw  o  oo 

W>  gave  alms  all  cold  hod. 

7.  When  a  vowel  sign  is  written  opposit  the  beginning  of  a  stem 
it  is  said  to  be  in  the  first  place;  when  opposit  the  middle  of  a  stem, 
in  the  second  place;  when  opposit  the  end  of  a  stem,  the  third  place. 

8.  Observe  that  the  beginning  or  first  place,  of  a  vowel,  is  where 
the  stem  begins  to  be  -written.  The  first  place  of  Pe,  Cha,  Ef,  Itk,  etc., 
is  at  the  top  because  that  is  where  those  stems  begin;  while  the  first 
place  of  La,  Ra,  Hah,  is  at  the  bottom,  because  that  is  where  those 
stems  begin.     (See  next  page,  lines  2-7,  first  and  fourth  columns.) 

9.  The  dash  signs  are  written  at  right  angles  to  the  consonant 
stem;  that  is,  in  an  opposit  direction  to  that  of  the  stem.     (See  next 
page,  fourth,  fifth  and  sixth  columns.) 

10.  The  consonant  portion  of  a  word  is  written  first  and  the 
vowel  portion  afterwards. 

*  This  sound  is  formed  in  the  mouth  like  the  vowel  in  it,  but  uttered  like  the 
vowel  in  up,  from  the  back  of  the  mouth,  with  the  throat  as  nearly  in  position  for  sound- 
ing ii  (in  up}  as  the  tongue  can  allow  and  preserve  the  form  of  I  (in  it). 


SCOTT-BROWNE 'S   TEXT-BOOK 


II.—  EXERCISE  ON  LONG  VOWELS. 

DOTS.                                                         DASHES. 

BEGINNING.               MIDDLE.                 END.               BEGINNING.           MIDDLE.           END. 

-....lISt±"..     .l*:^,  lard  place.  1  "<  *~  -j  -  pUc.     !,rdl)Iace. 

w-/ 

a 
g-a-ve 

ah 

aw 
a-\\ 

c-lld 

oo 

i-oo-A 

-  r    .. 

. 

\. 

- 

M 

Te 

3-                .    .... 

ta 

tab 

taw 

toe 

too 

Key 

kay 

kah 

caw 

1 

coe 

1 
coo 

4.       / 

/? 

s<< 

/ 

^x- 

/\ 

5-  )".  

y 

\ 

r 

V 

J 

6.        ^ 

7-        <T~ 

r 

r 

\ 

^ 

•••/  

s-      1 

•\ 

.1 

-\ 

-I 

Eat 
9-  ...  •__ 

ate 

aht 

awt 

oat 

oot 
1 

Eke 

ache 

ahk 

awk 

oak 

ook 

10.       s*_s 

s^ 

^j, 

(_, 

vjy 

< 

»!^I. 

....r~  

....C.  

-^ 

"v 

\ 

LA  >v  } 


PHONOGRAPHY.  Q 


12.  RULE  III. — Vowels  that  are  read  before  a  consonant  are  writ- 
ten to  the  left  of  vertical  and  inclined  stems,  the  same  as  they  would 
be  in  longhand,  and  above  horizontal  stems,  the  same  as  an  upper  line 
of  writing  reads  before  a  lower  line.  Illustration: 

.  X...  -I v -( •> J. .r. -C 

ope,         aid,  eve,         oath,       ace,         ooze,  eel,  awl, 


ore,  eke,  ache,  oak,  aim,  e'en,  own. 

13.  RULE  IV. — Vowels  that  are  read  after  a.  consonant  are  writ- 
ten to  the  right  of  vertical  and  inclined  stems,  and  below  horizontal 
stems.  Illustration: 


X 

L..  1- 

^_ 

J.:    J.....  C 

^        *""• 

bow, 

tea,     dough, 

fee, 

sow,        shoe,       law, 

ray,       hah, 

key, 

,   - 

coo,       gay< 

may, 

ma,        knee,       neigh, 

gnaw.     know. 

14.  In  naming  the  letters,  or  signs,  of  fonografik  (phonographic) 
words,  be  careful  to  get  the  exact  sound  for  each  sign,  and,  after 
spelling  the  words  by  their  correct  sounds,  be  doubly  careful  to  pro- 
nounce them  exactly  as  they  were  spelled,  Illustration: 

*\  a-p,  ape,  and  not  ap; 

k-s  t-a-m,   tame,  and   not  tarn; 

K~N  d-o-m,  dome,  and   not  domj 

L t-a-k,  take,  not  tack; 


b-a-k,  bake,  not  back; 
/'\      r-a-t,  rate,  not  rat. 

In  this  way,  carefully  spell,  both  by  sound  and  name  of  each  sign, 
and  pronounce,  correctly,  the  fonografik  words  on  page  n. 


10  SCOTT-BROWNS  'S  TEXT-BOOK 

15.     Do  not  allow  the  common,  printed  spelling  to  mislead  when 
•pelling  a  word  in  fonografy.     Illustration: 

Ache,  a-k,  and  not  a-se-aitch-e  : 

coo,  k-oo,  and  not  se-double-o; 

thaw,  Ith-aw,  not  te-aitch-a-doubleyou; 

eel,  e-l,  not  double-e-l; 

talk,  t-aw-k,  not  t-a-el-k; 

though,  The-o,  not  t-aitch-o-you-je~aitch; 

gale,  Ga-a-l,  not  je-a-l-e; 

shawl,  Ish-a-w-l,  not  Es-aitch-a-doubleyou-l; 

rouge,  Ra-oo-Zhe,  not  ar-o-you-je-t. 

cage,  £-0^;,  not  se-a-je  e. 


16.  Write  no  more  signs  in  a  word  than  there  are  sounds  heard 
in  its  pronunciation.     Silent  letters  seen  in  printed  words  are  never 
represented   in   fonografy.     Illustration:    Know,   n-o  —  ^*-/  ;    gnaw, 

^  -  \ 

n-aw  —  t^^  ;   see,  s-e  =-  )  ;   cope,  k-o-p  =     "  \ 

17.  Before  writing  a  word  in  fonografy  pronounce  it  slowly  and 
then  sound  all  the  elements  separately,  heard  in  the  slow  pronunciation, 
in  order  to  determine  the  exact  sounds,  and  the  correct  signs  to  be 
written.     Illustration: 

Word.    Slow  pronun-    Separate  Names  of  conso-    Stcmout-    Nameofeach     Full 
ciation.          sounds.        nant  stems.  line.  sound.  word. 

Zero,       zero,      z-e-r-o,          Ze-Ra  y^      Ze-e-Ra-o       y\ 


Dado,      dado,     d-a-d-o,         De-De 


De-a-De-o 


Cocoa,    c  o  c  oa,    k-o-k-o,         Ka-Ka        •    Ka-o-Ka-o  — — j— 

Delay,     d  e  1  ay,    d-e-l-a,          De-La  Y         De-e-La-a      Y^ 

NOTB. — Remember  that  the  pen  must  not  be  lifted  till  all  the  consonant  stemt  of  an 
outline  are  written,  after  which  the  vowel  signs  are  placed. 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 


18.— READING   EXERCISE 

ON   LONG   VOWELS. 


ist  Place    Vowels, 


jrd  Place    Vowels. 


\V->  ^---V  ^  ^  ^  •  )'-L- 

..3,.F~.  .  [^  ...k  .  .    ......  1^  .....  <•  .....  Zl 

>-V--C 
s./o./\.. 

2nd  Place  Voivels. 

^  .....  -I  .....  I-  .....  /...._,_..-(.  )• 

V-^-^ 
....TS  .^.  -7...  __ 

''  ..... 


0 


-    r 


\r 


12  SCOTT.BROWNES  TEXT-BOOK 

19.— WRITING    EXERCISE 

ON   THE   LONG   VOWELS. 

Pea,  pa,  paw,  Po,  poo,  ape,  ope,  bay,  baa,  bow,  obey,  eat,  ate, 
oat,  tea,  aid,  ode,  day,  dough,  age,  Jo,  eke,  ache,  oak,  key,  coo, 
gay,  fee,  fay,  foe,  eve,  oath,  thaw,  sou,  ace,  ooze,  Shah,  shaw,  show, 
shoe,  lee,  lay,  lo,  eel,  ale,  ail,  awl,  aim,  ma,  knee,  gnaw,  wo,  woo, 
yah,  yo,  haw,  hoe,  hah. 

Peep,  pope,  papa,  paid,  peach,  poach,  peak,  poke,  opaque,  Peko, 
path,  peal,  pail,  pale,  Paul,  pole,  pool,  palm,  babe,  beat,  beet, 
bait,  boat,  boot,  beach,  beak,  bake,  bath,  bail,  ball,  bowl,  below,  beam, 
balm,  boom,  boohoo,  tape,  teach,  take,  talk,  teeth,  tooth,  tale,  tall, 
toll,  tool,  team,  tame,  tomb,  deep,  daub,  dado,  dale,  dole,  delay, 
deem,  dame,  dome,  doom,  cheap,  cheat,  Choate,  cheek,  chalk, 
choke,  Job,  joke,  jail,  keep,  cape,  cope,  coop,  coach,  cage,  cake, 
coke,  keel,  cole,  cool,  calm,  comb,  gale,  goal,  ghoul,  game, 
feed,  fade,  food,  Feejee,  faith,  fame,  foam,  veto,  vote,  vague, 
vogue,  thief,  thieve,  theme,  sheep,  shape,  Sheik,  shake,  zeal,  leap, 
loop,  lobe,  load,  leach,  liege,  leak,  lake,  leaf,  loaf,  laugh,  leave, 
lath,  loathe,  leal,  lame,  loom,  leeway,  mope,  meek,  make,  mauve, 
move,  meal,  male,  mail,  mole,  maim,  mama,  knave,  'neath,  name, 
gnome,  heap,  hope,  whoop,  heat,  hate,  hoot,  heed,  hoed,  heath,  halo, 
ho-ho,  ha-ha. 

Write  Ra  for  r  in  the  following  words: 

Ray,  raw,  rOw,  reap,  rope,  robe,  rate,  wrought,  wrote,  root, 
route,  reed,  raid,  road,  rowed,  rood,  reach,  rage,  wreak,  rake, 
rogue,  wreath,  wreathe,  wrath,  rouche,  reel  (Ra-El),  rail,  relay, 
(Ra-La),  rear,  roar,  Reno,  zero,  mar,  moor,  Nero,  hero. 

Write  Er  for  r  in  the  following  words: 

Ore,  oar,  peer,  pier,  par,  pour,  poor,  bier,  bore,  bar  tear,  tar, 
tore,  tour,  deer,  door,  char,  chore,  jeer,  jar,  car,  Geer,  fear,  four, 
far,  veer,  shear,  shore,  leer,  lore,  lark,  ream,  roam,  Rome. 

Write  El  (downward)  for  /  in  the  following  words: 

Veal,  vale,   Thole,  reel,  rail,  nail,  knoll,  league. 

Write  Sha  and  La  (both  upward)  for  sh  and  /  in  the  following 
words: 

Shawl,  shoal,  shield,  leash. 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 


L  E  SSON      III. 


SHORT   VOWELS. 

I.     The  six  short  vowels,  classed  together,  are  heard  in  the  fol- 
lowing syllables: 

f(t)          40        d?(t)        40        *(t)       <**t) 

and  are  represented  thus: 


jr 

7t 

i 
fell 

a 
flat 

d 
on 

u 
pup's 

od 
foot 

ask  cur 

2.  The  six  /iwag-  and  six  short  vowels  may  be  easily  memorized 
by  repeating  the  following  words  containing  them: 

"We  gave  alms — all  a?ld  food, 
e        a        a        a       o       od 
7t      fell    flat  —  on  pup's  foot, 
it       et       at        ot     ut     oot 

3.  Rules  for  writing  vowels  heard  between  STEM  CONSONANTS: 

RULE   V. — ALL   first  place    and     the    two    long    second  place 
vowels,  a  and  o,  are  written  after  the  first  consonant.     Illustration: 


peak        big        talk       dock       bake      dome        cake          comb. 

RULE  VI.  —  ALL  the  third  place  and  the  two  SHORT  second  place 
vowels,  /and  «,  are  written  before  the  second  consonant.     Illustration: 

........  L  ........  Ll  ........  ^r-r.  .........  s_A  ...... 


palm  boom  tack  took  neck  numb 

NOTE.  —  If  first  place  vowels  were  written  before  the  second  stem, 
and  third  place  vowels  after  the  first  stem,  it  would  bring  the  vowel 
signs  within  the  angles,  and  then  it  could  not  be  told  whether  the 
vowel  was  a  first  place  one  to  the  second  stem  or  a  third  place  one  to 

the  first  stem.     Illustration:      v->>  \_     It  cannot  be  told  whether 
the  first  word  is  balm  or  beam,  or  the  second  word,  pack  or  pick\  but 


14 


SCOTT-BROWNES  TEXT-BOOK 


by  applying  Rule  V.  the  following  word,  ^~>  ,  is  known  to  be  beam; 
and  by  applying  Rule  VI.  this  word,  \^~"t ,  is  known  to  be  balm, 
4.  The  second  place  vowels  could  be  written  to  either  stem,  but 
to  make  an  equal  division  of  the  signs  to  each  stem  it  was  thought 
best  by  Mr.  Pitman  to  write  the  long  ones  to  the  first  and  the  short 
ones  to  the  second  stem,  which  added  to  the  legibility  of  such 
words  as  \ —  bake,  N-t_  beck,  \^~^  dome,  \^  dumb,  etc.,  when  in 
careless  or  rapid  writing  the  size  of  the  vowel  was  not  accurate. 


.*• lit 

7t 

ist  Place   Vowels. 


5.— READING  EXERCISE 

ON   SHORT  VOWELS. 


flat 


_]OuC 

bat. 


*- 


l-Z../r....< 


OF  PHONO  GRAPH 'Y. 


3rd  Place   Vowels. 

»,.  .1   J 


.....   .  .  ,U     ...Ir  1 


6.— WRITING    EXERCISE 

ON  SHORT  VOWELS. 

Ebb,  abby,  odd,  eddy,  add,  itch,  etch,  edge,  echo,  egg,  ash,  ill, 
ell,  Ella,  alley,  Emma,  Anna,  pity,  petty,  patty,  putty,  pod,  pitch, 
patch,  pick,  peck,  pack,  Puck,  pig,  pygmy,  peg,  pug,  pith, 
pussy,  push,  pill,  pull,  pully,  pink,  batch,  badge,  budge,  back,  book, 
big,  beg,  bag,  bog,  bug,  buggy,  bevy,  busy,  bush,  bushy,  bijou,  bill, 
billow,  bell,  ballet  (ballay),  bung,  tip,  tap,  top,  tub,  attach,  touch, 
tick,  tack,  attack,  tuck,  took,  tag,  tug,  taffy,  tally,  tarry,  Tenney 
tung,  tank,  dip,  ditty,  oddity,  dig,  dog,  dug,  death,  doth,  dell,  dull, 
dally,  doll,  dim,  dumb,  ding,  dong,  chip,  chap,  chop,  chat,  chick, 
check,  chill,  chilly,  chimney,  chink,  jib,  job,  jet,  jut,  Judd,  judge, 
Jack,  jockey,  jig,  jag,  jog,  jug,  gill,  jelly,  jolly,  gem,  Jennie, 
Johnnie,  Kipp,  cab,  cob,  cub,  Kitty,  catch,  cudgel,  Cudjo,  kick,  cook, 
keg,  cog,  coffee,  cafe,  kith,  cash,  calla,  callow,  king,  kink,  gig,  gag, 
Goth,  gush,  galley,  gull,  gully,  gum,  guinea,  gang,  gong,  fob,  fitch, 
fetch,  fudge,  fag,  fog,  foggy,  fellow,  fallow,  follow,  Fanny,  funny, 
fang,  valley,  volley,  vim,  thatch,  thick,  thicket,  thumb,  thong,  zinc, 
ship,  shop,  shabby,  shadow,  shock,  shook,  shaggy,  sham,  shank, 
lip,  lap,  lop,  elbow,  Libby,  lobby,  lad,  laddie,  ledge,  allege,  lodge, 
lick,  lack,  lock,  locket,  luck,  lucky,  look,  live,  love,  lofty,  loth,  lilly, 
loll,  lull,  limb,  lamb,  rally,  map,  mop,  mob,  Mattie,  meadow,  match, 
mock,  muck,  mug,  miff,  muff,  myth,  moth,  mash,  mush,  mashed, 
mill,  milk,  mellow,  mum,  mummy,  Minnie,  many,  money,  among, 
nip,  nap,  knap,  nib,  knob,  Netie,  niche,  notch,  nudge,  nick,  neck, 
knack,  knock,  nook,  knag,  nag,  gnash,  unlucky,  ninny,  Nancy, 


SCOTT-  BROWNES  TEXT-BOOK 


Nemmie,  numb,  hip,  happy,  happily,  hub,  hit,  hat,  hot,  hut,  hid, 
head,  ahead,  hood,  hitch,  hatch,  hedge,  hath,  hallow,  hollow,  hulloa, 
honey,  Hannah,  hang,  hung,  hank. 

Write  Ra  for  r  in  the  following  words:  Perry,  parry,  bury, 
berry,  cherry,  carry,  curry,  ferry,  furrow,  thorough,  lurch,  rip,  rap, 
rib,  rob,  rub,  writ,  rat,  rot,  rut,  rid,  red,  rod,  ruddy,  rich,  wretch, 
ridge,  wreck,  rack,  rock,  rocket,  rook,  rig,  rag,  rug,  ring,  wrong, 
wrung,  rink,  rank,  merry,  marry,  marrow,  morrow,  Murray,  enrich, 
Harry,  hurry. 

Write  Er,  for  r  in  the  following  words:  Erie,  aerie,  purr,  burr, 
lurk,  rim,  rum. 

Write  L'.l  (downward)  for  /  in  the  following  words:  Kill,  kingly, 
thill',  rill,  knell,  null,  annul,  elegy,  ilk,  elk,  alack,  leg,  lag,  log,  lug, 
luggage,  Ilm,  elm,  Elmo,  alum,  Alma,  lung,  link,  lank. 

Write  Sha,  La,  and  Ra  (all  upward)  for  sA  and  /  and  r  in  the  frl- 
lowin<2f  words:  Shell,  shallow,  lash,  lashed,  polish,  polished,  abolish, 
abclis..eJ,  rash,  rush,  hash,  hush. 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY.  17 


LESSON      IV. 


EXTRA  VOWELS 

AND   THEIR    SIGNS. 

1.  The  vowels  ?  in  her  and  d  in  dare  are  not  classed  in  their 
proper  places  with  the  other  long  vowels,  partly  on  account  of  such 
an  arrangement  breaking  up  the  usual  six-vowel  order  of  long  and 
short  vowels,  and  partly  because  some  fonografik  authors  do  not  pro- 
vide for  their  representation,  but  use  as  substitutes  either  the  second 
place  light  dot  /  for  the  sound  of  e  in  her  and  i  in  sir  or  the  light  dash 
u  for  «  in  cur,  and  the  second  place  heavy  dot  a  for  the  vowel  in  dare. 
It  is  much  better  that  these  distinct  sounds  have  distinct  signs  of  their 
own,  and  this  book  provides  proper  representation  for  them  as  fol- 
lows: 

2.  A  light  dash  written  in  second  place,  parallel  w  ith  the  stem 
for  the  vowel  in  her,  sir,  etc.,  and  in  third  place,   parallel  with  the 

stem,   for  the  vowel   in   dare.     Illustration:      ^    err,         i"    Goethe 
(Ge(r)tuh),        a  air,    \_/^  fairy. 

3.  The  vowel  in  ask,  past,  alas,  etc.,  is  the  true  short  mate  of 
the  vowel  in  far,  the  correct  sign  for  which  is  the  third  place  light  dot 
used  also  to  represent  the  sharper  vowel  heard  in  rat,  which  is  the 
short  mate  of  the  vowel  heard  in  air,  dare,  etc.     On  account  of  the 
similarity  of  these  two  vowels  it  is  not  necessary,  for  reporting  pur- 
poses, to  have  two  distinct  signs.    Should  a  distinct  sign  be  required, 
in  order  to  teach  exact  pronunciation,  the  light  third  place  parallel 
dash  can  be  used  to  represent  the  short  vowel  in  rat,  and  the  same 
sign  made  heavy  to  represent  the  long  vowel  in  dare. 

4.  The  vowel  heard   in  cur,    work,  journey,  etc.,  is  more  of  a 
gutteral  than  the  one  heard  in  earnest,  mercy,  girl,  etc.,  and  is  repre- 
sented by  the  second  place  light  dash,  as  in  cup. 

5.— READING   EXERCISE 

ON   EXTRA  VOWELS. 


IS SCOTT-BROWNE'S    TSXT-BOOK 

6.— WRITING   EXERCISE. 

ON   EXTRA   VOWELS. 

Goethe,  Percy,  (Ra  for  r),  mercy. 

Write  Er  for  r  in  the  following  words: 

Earth,  earthy,  earthly,  earl,  early,  ergo,  air,  airy,  pair,  pare, 
pear,  bear,  bare,  barely,  tare,  dare,  Adair,  fare,  fair,  affair,  lair. 

Write  Ra  for  rin  the  following  wo~ds:  Fairy,  Thayer,  rare,  mare, 
rarer  (three  lengths  of  Ra),  thus:  ^^^^ 

Fair  day.    Percy  came  early.    Poor,  cheap  fare.    Rare,  early  pear. 


PUNCTUATION,  CAPITALS,    EMPHASIS. 

i. — Th«  punctuation  marks  used  in  fonografic  writing  are: 

/(  EMPHASIS— Used   to    indicate 

..PERIOD — Used  at  the  end  of  I    ~~~~  emphatic  words  and  sen- 

/  complete  sentences.  tences. 

-+. DASH-Used    in  a  break   of  |    - CAPiTAUZER-Used  to  denote 

'  sentences  capitalization  or  name,    and 

!  the  words  equal  to. 

..PARENTHESIS— Used  to  en-  \    ^ PLEASANTRY  OR  LAUGHTER- 

close  parenthetical  remarks.    .  ^                   Used    to     denote    mirtnful 

I  O                     feeling. 

C"j    BRACKET— Used  to  enclose  re-  I    x INTERROGATION— Used  to  de- 
I        marks  by  reporter  or  editor.  •                      note  a  question. 

#                                                                       i  i  .........  KXCLAMATION — Used  to  indi- 

HYPHEN— Used    to  indicate  |  cate  feeling,    pathos,    wou- 

compound  words.  der  or  surprise. 

All  other   punctuation  marks  used  in  writing  and  printing  must 
be  supplied  in  the  transcripts  made  of  one's  shorthand  notes. 
2. — Capital  letters  are  indicated  thus: 

E,    |   O,     (     N.  Y.,  f^*"    Lima. 

3- — 1°  letter  writing,  or  in  memoranda,  the  vowel  initials  of 
names,  if  preferred,  can  be  expressed  by  their  signs  written  in  the 
correct  vowel  place  by  side  of  the  cancelled  Te  stem,  thus: 

*l        17         "T 

Jf  \ 

4. — To  indicate  emphasis  in  print,  words  are  set  in  italic  letters. 
To  indicate  emphasis  in  longhand  writing,  words  are  underscored  by 
a  straight,  horizontal  line.  To  indicate  emphasis  in  fonografic  writ- 
ing, words  are  underscored  by  a  waved  line.  Illustration: 

(/  "^nn  "ILI~~ 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY.  19 


LE  SSON      V. 


DIFTHONGS,  OR  COMPOUND  VOWELS. 

i.  i  oi  ow  ew 

My  boy's  owl  fLew. 

DIFTHONG    SIGNS. 


2.     The  difthong  signs  are  derived  from  the  letter  \f  ,  or  in- 
clined cross,  thus: 


ow 

Observe   that  in   writing  these   signs,   the   angle   should  be   made 
sharper  than  is  shown  in  the  cross. 

3.  The  difthong  signs  possess  fixed  values,  and  are  written  in 
the  most  convenient  place, — usually  the  third  place. 

4.  The  difthong  following  r,  as  in  rude,  rumor,  rule,  etc.,  is  not 
so  sharp  as  that  heard  in  pure,  cure,  beauty,  etc.,  but  the  same  sign  is 
used  to  represent  both. 

5.  Initial  difthongs  should  be  written  first,  and,  if  convenient, 

joined  to  the  following  stem.     Illustration:     1.  Ida,    \^  ivy,    )  ice. 


6.— READING   EXERCISE 

ON  DIFTHONGS. 


_*....  V       (r  .....  X       1  .........  *)  .....  J 

j^  U..U.._r...v 
A  A.  *\ 


r> 


> 


20  SCOTT-BROWNE'S  TEXT-  BOOK 


7.—  WRITING   EXERCISE 

ON   DIFTHONGS. 

Pie,  tie,  Ida,  Ike,  Guy,  fie,  vie,  ivy,  thigh,  sigh,  ice,  eyes,  shy, 
lie,  lye,  ally,  nigh,  high,  isle,  aisle,  pipe,  pike,  pile,  abide,  byway, 
tidy,  tithe,  time,  tiny,  dike,  dime,  idol,  chime,  China,  jibe,  kite, 
chyle,  chyme,  guide,  guile,  Fido,  five,  shiny,  like,  life,  alive,  lime, 
imbibe,  mighty,  mile,  knife,  hypo,  height,  hide. 

Boy,  boil,  toy,  toil,  joy,  coy,  coil,  Voy,  avoid,  alloy,  oil,  annoy, 
noisy,  ahoy. 

Bow,  Dow,  cow,  vow,  row,  owl,  owlish  (ow-La-Sha),  chow-chow, 
couch,  gouge,  fowl,  foul,  avowed,  vouch,  loud,  mouth. 

Pew,  dew,  adieu,  due,  chew,  Jew,  cue,  thew,  Sue,  lieu,  hew,  hue, 
Hugh,  huge,  beauty,  duty,  dupe,  duke,  eschew,  Jewess,  juicy,  July, 
Jehu,  cube,  imbue,  mule. 

Write  Er  for  r  in  the  following  words:  Ire,  pyre,  attire,  dire, 
gyre  (Ja-Er),  fire,  lyre,  rhyme,  Irish  (i-Er-Ish),  toiler,  lure,  allure 
(El-Er),  rheum. 

Write  /v'rt  for  r  in  the  following  words:  Rye,  wry,  ripe,  right, 
rite,  write,  Wright,  arrive,  writhe,  irate,  aright,  mire,  roy,  roil  (Ra- 
El),  roilly  (/\a-La),  rout,  rowdy,  rue,  pursue,  bureau,  jury,  fury, 
furore,  rude,  review. 

Write  El  for  /  in  the  following  words:  File,  Nile,  foil,  roil, 
Hoyle,  fowl,  foul. 


OF  PHONO  GRAPHY.  21 


LESSON      VI. 


JOINED  VOWEL-TICKS. 

i.  A  vowel  (belonging  either  to  the  dot  or  dash  class),  following 
a  difthong,  is  more  quickly  and  conveniently  represented  by  a  small 
tick  joined  to  the  difthong  sign,  and  written  in  the  direction  of  Te 
on  oi  and  ew,  and  of  Ka  on  i  and  ow. 


2.— READING  EXERCISE 

ON  JOINED  VOWEL  TICKS. 


A 


3.— WRITING  EXERCISE 

ON  JOINED  VOWEL  TICKS. 

Iota,  Iowa,  lona,  piety,  pious,  bias,  Tioga,  diet,  dial,  Viola, 
scion,  Zion,  boyish,  coyish,  voyage,  towel,  dewy,  Dewey,  Jewess, 
duel,  dual,  jewel,  Jewish,  Shuey,  annuity. 

Write  Er  for  r  in  the  following  words:  Dyer,  power,  tower, 
dower,  shower,  jeweler,  fewer,  sewer,  newer. 

Write  Ra  for  r  in  the  following  words:  Diary,  fiery,  riot,  Ryan, 
miry,  higher,  royal  (Ra-El}  royally  (Ka-La),  cower,  Rowell  (Ra-El), 
jewelry,  ruin,  renewal  (£7  stem),  hewer. 

Write  El  for  /  in  the  following  words:  Vial,  viol,  lion,  royal, 
vowel,  Rowell,  Howell,  fuel,  Newell,  renewal. 


22  SCOTT-BROWNE 'S  TEXT-BOOK 

CIRCLES    AND   LOOPS, 

LESSON      VII. 


BRIEF  ADDITIONAL  SIGNS   FOR   S  AND  Z. 

1.  The   frequently  occurring  sounds  of  s  and  z  are,  in  a  large 
class  of  words,  represented  by  a  small  circle,  o  ,  named  Is  or  7z,  used 
at  the  beginning  of  stems,  between  stems,  and  at  the  end  of  stems, 
thus  securing  convenience  in  joining,  brevity  of  outline,  and  greater 
ease  and  rapidity  in  writing. 

2.  The  circle  is  joined  to  straight  stems  by  a  leftward  motion 
of  the  pen,  moving  in  three  distinct  directions,  as  shown  in  this  little 
square  joined  initially  to  the  Pe  stem,    \    ,  while  a  fourth  direction 
forms  the  stem. 

3.  The  circle  is  always  written  on  the  concave  side  of  a  curve 
thus:    ^_ 

4.  In  joining  the  circle  to  any  stem,  either  initially  or  finally, 
let  the  first  and  last  movements  be  at  right  angles  with  the  stem. 
Illustration: 


.b  .......  «... 


VJI..X*..  C.VG  ..V    o)      a-/    a/  ......  fa  ..  ^..<r~b...<O>....°~^.     o 


Let  the  learner  practise  on  the  squares  until  without  their  aid  a 
perfect  circle  can  be  easily  formed. 

5.  The  circle  has  no  effect  upon  vowelization.     A  vowel  heard 
either  before  or  after  a  consonant   represented  by  a  stem  is  always 
written  before  or  after  the  stem,  whether  a  circle  is  on  the  stem  or 

not.    Illustration:    \.  up,  /\   sup,  \v/tV,    \v  spy,       '  eat,     i    seat, 
_^_  ache,   Q_S_  sake. 

6.  A  vowel  is  never  read  before  an  initial  circle.     The  initial 
circle  always  reads  first,  and  then  any  vowel  that  may  be  before  the 
stem,   and  then  the  stem,  and  then  any  vowel  that  may  follow  the 

stem.     Illustration:       j   settee,    .fy-    satiety,  "f.     soda.     See  page  24, 
line  4. 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY.  23 


7.  Initial  s  is  expressed  on  the  Hah  stem  by  a  circle  in  the  place 
of  the  hook.     Illustration:    g\    Sofia.   See  line  4,  seventh  and  eighth 
words  of  page  24. 

8.  Initial  z  is  always  represented  by  the  stem.     See  page  25, 
line  16. 

9.  The  circle  at  the  end  of  stems  is  always  read  last.     A  vowel 
cannot  read  after  a  circle  because  the  circle  furnishes  no  places  in 
which  three  different  vowels  could  be  written.     See  page  24,  line  5. 

10.  A  circle  between  two  straight  stems  running  in  the  same 
direction,  is  written  by  the  same  motion  of  the  pen  as  the  circle  on  a 
single  straight  stem.  See  page  24,  line  6. 

u.  A  circle  between  straight  stems,  struck  in  different  directions, 
is  written  outside  of  the  angle.  See  page  24,  line  7. 

12.  A  circle  between  a  straight  line  and  a  curve,  is  always  written 
on  the  concave  side  of  the  curve.     See  page  25,  line  8. 

13.  A  circle  between  Em  and  any  other  curve,  when  it  cannot 
come  within  the  curve  of  both  stems,  is  written  on  the  concave  side 
of  Em.     See  page  25,  line  9. 

14.  A  circle  between  Ef,  Un,  and  La,  and  between  La  and  Ve, 
and  La  and  Ith,  is  written  on  the  concave  side  of  La.     See   page  25, 
line  10. 

15.  The  circle  between  other  curve  combinations  is  written  on 
the  concave  side  of  both  curves.     See  page  25,  line  n. 

LARGE    CIRCLE   FOR   SES,    SEZ,    ZEZ. 

16.  The  double  sound  of  s  or  z — ses,  sez,  zez — is  expressed  by  a 
large  circle  in  such  words  as — 

...V <o 6 No       .±£...     .,£.... 


passes,       possess,        teases,       possessed,        excessive,          races. 

17.  The  use  of  a  double-sized  circle  to  express  the  double  sound 
of  s  and  z,  allows  the  plural  ending  of  words  to  be  formed  in  analogy 
with  words  in  the  singular  number  terminating  with  the  small  circle. 
Illustration: 


piece,          pieces,  case,          cases,  rose,  roses; 


34  SCOTT-BROWNE'S    TEXT-BOOK 

also  the  third  person  singular  of  such  verbs  as  end  with  the  small 
circle  is  expressed  with  the  large  circle.     Illustration: 

.......................  L"  .............  6  ..................  A  .  ........  A  ................... 

toss,  tosses,  rise,  rises. 

See  page  25,  lines  12  and  13. 

18.     A  third  sound  of  s  following  ses,  sez,  zez,  is  expressed  by  a 
small  circle  on  the  back  of  the  large  circle.     Illustration: 


possesses,       abscesses,  excesses,          successes,  recesses. 

See  page  25,  line  14. 

19.  The  vowel  /,  heard  in  sez,  is  never  written;  but  if  any  other 
vowel  than  /  occurs  between  the  s  or  z  sounds,  it  is  written  if  legi- 
bility requires  it.  Illustration: 

..............  rf  ..............  rP  .....  ........  ^  ......   V. 

exist,  exhaust,  basis,  bases, 

See  page  25,  line  15. 


20.—  READING    EXERCISE 

ON   CIRCLES. 

\  ......  :\  .......  i.  ......  r-  .......  r-  .......  ft  <r 


4-f  .......  -t  ..«^*o  !..V....v<  .....  oX    <r 

.5-.\o  .....  V  .....  X  ......  V  ........  C          t         f  ......  i 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY.  35 


cfL^-JkL 


NO.  t  ID ./:.... '^... 


2i.— WRITING  EXERCISE 

ON   CIRCLES. 

Soap,  soup,  sips,  saps,  seat,  stays,  stows,  stew,  suit,  sight,  sty, 
seed,  said,  sad,  sawed,  sowed,  soda,  suds,  such,  sage,  sages,  seize, 
sedge,  sausages,  seek,  sake,  sick,  sacks,  success,  successes,  Sussex, 
sag,  sago,  safe,  sofa,  save,  seive,  sythe,  size,  sizes,  seize,  seizes, 
sash,  sashes,  seal,  seals,  sails,  sale,  solo,  sorry,  sorrows,  sore,  sere, 
sour,  sire,  same,  some,  sum,  psalm,  sin,  son,  sun,  sane,  soon, 
sneeze,  snows,  sing,  sang,  sung,  sway,  sways,  Swiss,  Soho,  Sahara. 

Pass,  piece,  peace,  passes,  pieces,  pace,  paces,  pause,  pauses, 
posses,  possesses,  base,  bays,  boys,  abase,  abases,  abuse,  abscess, 
abscesses,  tease,  teases,  days,  dose,  doze,  dozes,  disease,  diseases, 
cheese,  cheeses,  chase,  chews,  etches,  ages,  joys,  Jews,  juice,  rejoice, 
rejoices,  kiss,  kisses,  Cass,  Cass's,  case,  cases,  oaks,  aches,  echoes, 
ox,  ax,  axes,  axis,  axgs,  excess,  excesses,  excuse,  excuses,  exercise, 
exercises,  exercised,  guess,  guesses,  gaze,  geese,  goose,  gas,  gases, 
gauze,  Guy's,  face,  faces,  vase,  vases,  vice,  vices,  voice,  voices, 


28  SCOTT-BROWNE 'S   TEXT-BOOK 

trows,  views,  reviews,  thighs,  oaths,  shows,  shoes,  ashes,  lace,  lacest 
loose,  looses,  lose,  loses,  lease,  allays,  alleys,  Ellis,  Alice,  raise,  (Ra 
for  r)  raises,  race,  races,  recess,  recesses,  rise;  arise,  (Er  for  r)  arises, 
arouse,  arouses,  erase,  erases,  ears,  oars,  errs,  airs,  miss,  misses, 
muss,  aims,  noise,  annoys,  noises,  news,  niece,  nice,  ounce,  ounces, 
wise,  ways,  yes,  use  (uze),  haze,  hiss,  hisses,  house,  houses,  hews, 
hues,  Hughes,  hies,  Hayes,  pushes,  bushes,  tushes  (upward  stem,  Shat 
for  sh  following  Te,  De,  Ef,  La,  JRa,  and  Hah),  dishes,  dashes,  fishes, 
lashes,  luscious,  rushes,  hushes,  possessed,  pacify,  passive,  passeth, 
pestle  (p-s-f),  puzzle,  poison,  obesity,  beset,  besides,  beseech,  basks, 
abusive,  bustle  (b-s-l),  baser,  besom,  business,  basin,  baseness,  ab. 
sence,  upset,  tasty,  outside,  task,  tassel,  teasel,  desk,  dusk,  dusky, 
dusty,  decides,  decisive,  diseased,  docile  (either  upward  or  downard  /), 
desire,  desirous,  disrobe,  dislike,  dispels,  disloyal,  dozen,  Chesapeake, 
chosen,  chisel,  Jason,  jostle,  cusp,  cask,  cassock,  excessive,  cha'sm, 
cosmos,  cousin,  Casino,  castle  (k-s-l),  Castile  (k-s-t-l),  gasp,  gossip, 
gusto,  guzzle,  fiasco,  fizzle  (El  stem),  fosil,  vessel,  vassal,  visage, 
thistle  (El  stem),  lisp,  receive  (r-s-v),  misty,  mask,  listen  (El  stem) 
]essen,  lesson,  loosen,  reason,  risen,  rosin,  resume  (Er  stem),  missile, 
muzzle,  music,  musk,  mosque,  mistletoe  (in-z-l),  mouser  (Ra  stem), 
miser,  misery,  honesty,  nasty,  necessity,  necessary,  nestle,  nozzle, 
insist,  resist,  subsist,  desist,  system,  scissors,  saucer,  season,  Susan, 
schism,  Sicily,  successive,  unsafe,  unseen,  Owasco,  anxiety,  anxious 
(Ing-hh-Js),  hasty,  hastily,  husk,  hassock,  husky,  hustle  (La  stem), 
hasten.  Hosannah,  hussar  (Ra  stem). 

SHORT  SENTENCES. 

See  Miss  Dewey's  roses.  Yes,  Laura's  peaches  are  ripe.  Olive's 
mosses  are  rare.  Take  back  Johnny's  books.  Naughty  Darius 
Howe  chews  gum.  Katie  Lewis  makes  nice,  rich  coffee.  Miss  Lillie 
Snow  ate  some  savory  soup.  Choose  right  ways.  Resist  laziness. 
Lizzie  likes  ripe,  juicy  pears.  Maurice  says  no  such  slow  coach  was 
seen.  Sadie  saw  some  ice  houses.  Newell  Dyer's  sons  saw  the  sun 
rise.  Viola  passes  Jennie's  house  many  times.  Sadie  supposes  they 
are  wrong.  Lucy  knows  they  are  right.  Susan  does  seem  sad. 
Lizzie  sings  Katie's  merry  song.  Johnny's  cows  like  husks.  Dogs 
chase  cows.  Mollie  says  it  snows.  Chicago's  chime-bells  make  merry 
music.  Tommie's  owl  eats  mice.  Honesty  satisfies  reason.  Wise 
boys  look  ere  they  leap.  Lena  loves  rainy  days.  Seek  happiness. 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY.  37 


LESSON    VIII. 


LOOPS    FOR   ST  AND   STR. 

1.  A  small  loop  written  initially  on  stems  expresses  initial  st 
sounds;  written  finally,  expresses  final  st  or  zd  sounds.    Illustration: 

\  step,  '\  state,  r~^  steak,  .0  still,  Tl  star,  er^  starry, 
er^  stem  ?xL>  stony,  ^-  past  or  passed,  —&  guest  or  guessed,  /--^ 
mist  or  missed,  ~^-f  honest,  TS><  abused,  —f?  gazed,  ^  Caroused,  <^A 
housed.  See  lines  1-3  below. 

2.  A   large   final    loop   on   stems   expresses   sir.     Illustration: 
^.   pastor,     :^~    toaster,    ^f     faster,     I  •       Lester,     0'     vester.     See 
line  4  below. 

3.  A  circle  is  written  on  the  back  of  loops  to  express  s  or  z  fol- 
lowing st  or  sir.     Illustration:     'fc    posts,    ^    posters.     See   line    5 
below. 

4.  The  loops  can  be  used  in  the  middle  of  words  provided,  at 
the  point  of  junction,  the  stems  do  not  cross  each  other.    If  the  stems 
cross,  the  loop  is  reduced  to  the  value  of  the  s  circle.     Illustration: 
b^  destiny,  OsOt  testify,    (^.yesterday.     See  line  6  below. 

5.—  READING   EXERCISE 

ON   ST   AND    STR    LOOP. 

.'.-x  ........  \  .....  i  ......  -L  /    _.  ^  ^ 


3-X....X. 

.4,^  .......  b: 


38  SCOTT-BROWNE'S   TEXT- BO  OK 

6.— WRITING   EXERCISE 

ON  ST  AND  STR  LOOPS. 

Steep,  step,  stop,  stoop,  stab,  stub,  state,  stout,  steady,  study, 
stitch,  stage,  steak,  stake,  stick,  stack,  stalk,  stock,  stuck,  stucco, 
stag,  stiff,  stuff,  staff,  stave,  stove,  Stacy,  steal,  steel,  stale,  stall, 
stole,  stool,  still,  stilly,  Stella,  style,  steer,  stay,  store,  starry,  story, 
steam,  stem,  stony,  sting,  stung. 

Pieced,  paste,  paced,  pest,  pester,  past,  passed,  posts,  posters, 
beasts,  baste,  boasts,  boaster,  boost,  best,  busts,  abased,  abused, 
teased,  taste,  toast,  toaster,  tests,  attest,  dost,  dust,  dusters,  adduced, 
doused,  chaste,  chased,  chests,  Chester's,  jests,  joist,  cased,  kissed, 
cast,  castor,  coast,  coaster,  costs,  Custer's,  gazed,  guests,  guessed, 
ghosts,  aghast,  feasts,  faced,  fist,  fast,  faster,  fussed,  Foster,  vest, 
vast,  vaster,  least,  laced,  list,  lest,  Lester's,  last,  luster,  loosed, 
erased,  erst,  arrest,  aroused,  raced,  roast,  roaster,  wrist,  rest,  roused, 
roosts,  roosters,  mists,  missed,  masts,  masters,  amassed,  amused, 
most,  must,  musters,  nests,  Nast,  honest,  Nestor,  songster,  song- 
sters, waste,  waists,  West,  Wistar,  Worcester  (Wooster),  yeast, 
yester. 

Artist  (Ra  for  r),  artists,  reduced,  richest,  rejoiced,  refused,  re- 
vised, upraised,  ballast,  tallest,  utmost,  teamster,  dullest,  coolest, 
calmest,  mildest,  forests,  forester,  fensed,  evinced,  announced,  re- 
nounced, artistic,  statistics. 

SHORT    SENTENCES. 

Air-castles  fade  like  mist.  Hester  despises  wrong.  Step  fast. 
Lester  must  eat  some  roast  lamb  next  Tuesday.  Take  enough  rest. 
Despise  laziness.  Waste  no  time.  Be  just.  James  must  go 
West.  Invest  money  safely.  Ernest  Stout  just  paid  Chester  West 
some  money.  It  must  be  best.  Jack's  master  testifies  last.  Lester 
came  yesterday.  Alice  states  facts.  Make  haste  slowly.  Haste 
makes  waste. 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY.  29 


SEMICIRCLES    AND    HOOK. 

LESSON     IX. 


BRIEF   SIGNS   FOR    WA    AND    YA. 

SEMICIRCLES. 

e    We,    3    Wit,     o  Ye,    «    F£. 

I.  Small  semicircles  for  w  and  j  are  employed  in  a  large  class 
of  words,  adding  greatly  to  legibility,  and  facilitating  ease  and  speed 
of  writing.  Illustration: 

V         -1          J 
...  .  \  ......  X  _______  b  .....  .../ 


weep,      web,     waits,    watch,    -walks,    yacht,     yokes,     unyoke,  yellow. 
2.     The  small  circle  is  conveniently  written  within  We  and  Wu 
signs  to  express  sw  in  certain  words.     Illustration: 

............  *S  ............  .1  ...........  i-  .........  O 


V  . 


sweep,  sweet,  swig;  swings,  suavity. 

WA   HOOK   ON   LA,    RA,    EM,    UN. 

3.  Brief  Wa  is  joined  to  La,  Ra,  Em,  and  Un,  as  a  hook.   Illus- 
tration: 6     waz7,  <iV^  wore,  *rS  TW?W,  CL^/  w<?w.  See  next  page,  lines  6-7. 

4.  The  circle  for  initial  s  is  written  on  the  Wa  hook  of  ^a,  but 
never  on  the  hooks  of  La,  Em,  and   Un  —  the  circle  and   Wa  stem 
being  used  for  sw  preceding  these  three  stems.  Illustration:  (^"  swore, 

swells.     See  next  page,  line  8. 


YI,  YOI,  vow. 

5.     The  tr-ifthongs  yi,  yoi,  yow,  are  expressed  by  brief  Ya  joined 
to  the  difthong  signs.     Illustration: 


genii,  Honeoye,  meow. 

NOTE  (a).  —  In  joining  Wti  to  Pe,  Be,  Ka,  Ga,  and  Ing,  observe 
that  the  motions  of  the  pen  are  similar  to  those  made  in  forming  a 
plain  figure  z. 

(b).  —  In  joining  We"  to  Te,  De,  Cha,  Ja,  and  Ish,  observe  that 
the  motions  of  the  pen  are  like  those  made  in  forming  a  figure  9, 
while  Ye  is  joined  to  Te,  De,  and  Ith,  by  a  motion  similar  to  that  in 
forming  a  figure  7. 


30  SCOTT-BROWNE'S   TEXT-BOOK^  _ 

6.—  READING   EXERCISE 

ON  BRIEF  WA  AND  YA  SIGNS. 

...K  .....  ^  ......  .1;  .........  :1  .......  1  ........  -1  .......  1-.J-  .../  .....  /. 

2.  ..  .          2  _  o        ^    Q       ,  ^4      a  _    .  *_>>       vs_       *^>  .....  V-  .......  •< 

.3,.:!  .....  ^....l  .....  ^l_.wTN  ....."?>..  .^ 

-1  ......  / 


J5 


i 

^ 


.0 


7._WRITING    EXERCISE 

ON  BRIEF  WA  AND  YA  SIGNS. 

Wipe,  web,  Webster,  witty,  wittily,  wet,  wettest,  wait,  witticism, 
weeds,  wade,  wades,  widows,  widest,  witch,  bewitch,  watch,  wage, 
wedge,  weak,  wake,  walk,  woke,  wicks,  wax,  waxes,  waxed,  wigs, 
wife,  waif,  woof,  weave,  weaves,  wives,  withe,  wash,  wing,  wings. 

Sweep,  swop,  swoop,  swab,  sweet,  sweeter,  sweetest,  sweetly, 
sweat,  Swede,  swayed,  switch,  swig,  suave,  suavity,  swath,  swathe, 
swash,  swing,  swung,  assuage,  assuages,  unswayed,  unswathe, 
Zouave. 

Weal,  wail,  wall,  wallow,  wool,  wooly,  Wallace,  Willis,  Wells, 
willow,  welcome,  wellfare,  wealth,  unwell,  unwieldy,  unwelcome, 
wealthy,  Willoughby,  war,  wore,  weary,  wary,  worry,  wear,  ware, 
wares,  beware,  worse,  worst,  worth,  worthless,  worthy,  unworthy, 
warm,  worm,  wormwood,  swore,  swear,  swears,  soiree,  swarm, 
swarms,  swarthy,  wammel,  wem,  wean,  wane,  win,  wins,  winnow, 
wen,  wan,  won,  one,  .once,  wince,  winces,  winced,  windy,  window, 
winnow,  Wednesday. 


OF  PHONO  GRAPHY. 


Yacht,  yoke,  unyoke,  yak,  youth,  youths,  usury  ( Ye-Zhe-Ra), 
Vale,  yell,  yellow,  yellowish  (upward  stem  for  sfi),  yawl,  yelp,  yelk, 
yield,  year  (Er  stem),  yore,  yarrow  (Ra  stem),  yam,  yon.  yawn, 
yawns,  Eunice,  unique,  unity,  unite,  young,  youngster,  yank. 

Genii,  Honeoye,  meow. 


SHORT     SENTENCES. 

William  Wallace  knew  no  fear.  Willie  Woods  must  make  no 
delay.  Eunice  buys  cheap  cake.  See  young  Yulee's  yacht.  Johnnie 
keeps  young  sheep.  Fannie's  kitty  says  "meow!"  Yellow  dogs 
wag  yellow  tails.  Wet  dogs  sometimes  yelp.  Jennie  sweeps  well. 
Emma  likes  sweet  cookies.  Wage  no  war.  Always  keep  sweet 
peace.  Wealth  follows  work;  welcome  both,  worthy  youths. 
Take  no  wine.  Study  well.  Win. 


32 


SCOTT-BROWNES  TEXT-BOOK 


LESSON      Z. 


BRIEF   WA  AND    YA  SIGNS  DISJOINED. 

1.  The  semicircles  for  the  coalescents,  W(pd)  Y(e)  cannot  be  con- 
veniently joined  between  stems  or  at  the  end  of   stems,  in  a  large 
class  of  words — especially  words  containing  the  y(e)  element — and 
are,  therefore,  disjoined  and  written  in  the  vowel  places,  taking  the 
order  of  vowel  sounds  and  made  heavy  when  in  the  place  of  long 
vowels  and  light  when  in  the  place  of  short  ones. 

2.  Tabular  view  of  brief  Wa  and  Ya  in  vowel  places: 

WA     SERIES. 


wit 
wet 
wag 

•wot 
wim 
wool 


Long. 

Short. 

we 

in 

week 

c  wi 

in 

wa 

• 

witke 

c  -we 

" 

wa 

« 

-waft 

<-  wa 

" 

wa 

In 

wall 

D   WO 

in 

wo 

it 

woke 

D  WU 

" 

woo 

n 

WOOL'll 

o  woo 

u 

YA       SERIES. 


Long. 

Short, 

v  ye 

in 

year 

u  yi 

in 

ytt 

<•>  ya 

44 

yale 

^  ye 

" 

yet 

u  ya 

" 

yard 

•j  ya 

(4 

yak 

«   ya 

In 

yawn 

-i  yo 

in 

yon 

«     yo 

" 

yoke 

r>  yu 

" 

yciung 

n    yoo 

X 

you 

ft  yoo 

u 

Yucatan 

NOTE  (a). — The  w  signs  are  made  from  a  circle  cut  in  two  verti- 
cally, thus:  Q  while  for  the  y  signs  it  is  cut  in  two  horizontally, 
thus:  Q- 

(b). — The  w  sign  in  dot  vowel  places  opens  to  the  right,  or 
towards  the  east,  while  the  w  sign  in  dash  vowel  places  opens  to  the 
left  or  towards  the  west;  and  the  y  sign  in  dot  vowel  places  opens 
upward,  or  towards  the  north,  while  the  y  sign  in  dash  vowel  places, 
opens  downward,  or  towards  the  south. 

NOTE  (c). — Observe  that  the  vowel  sound  in  Wi  and  Yf  is  that 
of  a  dot  vowel,  hence  We  and  Yi  are  the  signs  used  in  the  dot-vowel 
places. 

(</). — The  vowel  sound  in  Wit  and  Yu  is  that  of  a  dash  vowel, 
hence  W&  and  Yu  are  used  in  dash-vowel  places. 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY.  33 


W   AND   Y   EQUIVALENTS. 

3.  Before  giving  a  list  of  words  illustrating  the  use  of  the  dis- 
joined semicircles,  it  will  be  an  advantage  to  the  student  to  under- 
stand clearly  the  alfabetic  equivalents  of  10  and  y. 

The  sound  represented  by  w  is  the  same  as  u  in  quick  and  nearly 
the  same  as  oo  in  coo  (being  briefer  in  pronunciation  than  oo,  and  in 
some  words  more  like  oo  in  foof),  and  the  final  element  of  the  dif- 
thongs  o,  ow,  ew, — as  will  be  easily  perceived  by  the  slow  pronuncia- 
tion of  0=0-00,  ow=ah-oo,  eiv=e-oo. 

4.  The  sounds  represented  by  y  in  you  and  pity  are  the  same  as 
e  in  be  and  I  in  it;  but,  when  followed  by  another  vowel  sound  in  such 
words  as  beauteous,   opiate,   etc.,  the  e  becomes  shorter  and  the? 
sharper,  producing  a  short  sound  like  unaccented  e  in  the  syllable  be 
in  behold.    Y-a,  e-a,  and  i-a;  y-o,  e-o,  and  f-o,  when  quickly  pronounced, 
are  one  and  the  same  thing.   For  example,  the  syllable  io  in  folio,  can 
be  spelt  three  ways— -folio,  foleo,  folyo — and  indicate  the  same  pronun- 
ciation. 

5.  The   following   words   contain  w(oo)  and  y(e)  sounds    repre- 
sented in  different  ways  by  alfabetic  equivalents,  without  changing  the 
pronunciation:   Iowa=Io-ooa=Ioa;     Owen=Oooen=Oen;    bowie^ 
bo-ooy  =  bo-I;    boa=-bo-ooa=bowa;     bivouac  =bivooac  =  bivwac, 
quick=kooik=kvvik;  twig=tooig=tuig;  sweet=sooeet=sueet;  Yale= 
gSle  =  Iale=;  yank  ==gank  =  lank;  India=  Indea=  Indya;  opiate  = 
ope3te=opyate  ;  atheist=athi-ist=athyist ;  carrier=carre-er=carry- 
er;  anterior=antereor=antery-or. 

6.  There  are  a  few  words  in  which  the  syllabication  might  seem 
changed  by  the  use  of  a  sign  that   suggested   the  letter  y — such  as 

\^"^  barrier,  s~\s  merrier,  the  fonografic  forms  of  which  sug- 
gest the  spelling  of  the  words  with  a  y  and  two  r's,  instead  of  three, 
thus:  meryer,  baryer,  and  syllabized  thus,  mer-yer,  bar-yer,  instead  of 
thus,  mery-er,  bary-er;  but  as  there  are  no  such  words  as  mer-yer  and 
bar-yer,  no  confusion  can  arise  by  the  use  of  the  y  sign.  The  words 
collier  (yer),  lawyer,  etc.,  would  never  be  pronounced  colly-er,  lawy-er, 
for  the  reason  that  there  are  no  such  words  in  the  language.  English 
speaking  students  will  have  no  difficulty  in  distinguishing  between- 
these  two  classes  of  words. 


34  SCOTT-BROWNE  S   TEXT-BOOK 

7.     There  are  a  few  concurrent  vowels  —  the  initial  one  of  which 
is  accented  —  which  better  be  expressed  by  their  separate  signs,  thus: 


idea,        pean,        seance,         eon,  eolis,  Leo,         Leon, 

writing  nearest  to  the  stem  that  vowel  which  is  heard  next  to  the 
stem. 

8.  The  concurrent  vowels  in  such  words  as  bowie,  boa,  doughy, 
Owen,  etc.,  are  more  conveniently  and  quickly  expressed  by  the  dash 
for  o  and  a  brief  w  sign  joined,  than  by  the  exact  vowel  signs  written 
separately  —  taking  advantage  of  the  terminal  oo  or  w  element  of  o, 
and  representing  it  by  the  brief  w  sign,  which  sign  carries  with  it,  or, 
at  least,  suggests  on  account  of  its  names,  We  and  Wu,  an  accom- 
panying short  vowel  sound,  dot  or  dash,  according  to  the  direction  in 
which  it  opens.  Illustration:  ^  bowie,  \*  doughy,  vi^  or  ^j 
Owen,  &  oasis  —  using  «  Wi,  because  it  represents  w  with  a 
dot  vowel  sound  following  it.  \  boa,  ^  __  '  Noah  —  using  3  Wii, 
because  it  represents  w  with  a  dash  vowel  sound  following  it  —  the 
vowel  sounds  in  these  words  being  invariably  pronounced  in  ordinary 
speech  (even  by  the  best  sckolars),  nearer  like  the  vowel  in  up  than 
like  short  ah.  By  taking  advantage  of  this  pronunciation  a  distinction 
can  be  made  between  X  boa,  and  \  bowie  v-x  Not  and  ^--^ 
Noah,  etc.,  etc. 

NOTE.  —  While  it  may  seem  teaching  a  tautophonical  pronuncia- 
tion to  represent  the  vanish  or  terminal  sound  of  o  by  both  the  o  dash 
and  brief  w  sign  attached  to  the  o  dash,  it  is  necessary  to  so  repre- 
sent it  in  order  to  secure  a  sign  that  will  join  legibly  to  the  dash  and 
at  the  same  time  represent,  or  suggest,  the  short  vowel  sound  follow- 
ing the  o  sound.  The  student  may  regard  that  the  dash  represents 
the  radical  or  initial  sound  of  o  (short,  as  in  whole),  while  the  w  sign 
represents  both  the  vanish  or  terminal  sound  of  o  and  the  short  vowel 
following  it;  or  he  may,  if  preferred,  regard  the  dash  as  representing 
full  o,  and  brief  TV  sign  as  representing  only  the  short  vowel  follow- 
ing. Either  way,  it  expresses  the  same  thing. 


OF  PH  ONOGRAPHY.  35 


9.  The  concurrent  vowels  of  poet,  poem,  bowie,  boa,  towage,  Zoet 
Not,  if  expressed  by  their  separate  signs,  are  written  thus: 

X X I- )- v.... 

but  if  by  their  joined  signs,  thus: 

^    x~> .X ^ h )'     v 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  joined  signs  are  more  readily  and  quickly 
made,  for  the  following  reasons:  The  student  does  not  have  to  think 
of  the  particular  place  by  the  side  of  the  consonant  stem  in  which  to 
write  the  sign  of  the  second  vowel,  and  does  not  have  to  lose  time  in 
pen-liftings  or  in  going  back  to  place  the  vowel  to  a  downward  stem, 
as  in  the  words  poet,  towage,  etc.  Besides,  it  enables  the  vowels  to 
be  read  in  their  proper  order,  forward  or  downward,  instead  of  back- 
ward or  upward,  as  in  the  words  bowie,  towage,  etc.,  where  the  sepa- 
rate signs  are  written. 

10.  The  concurrent  vowels  in  deity,  deist,   etc.,  can  be  quickly 
and   legibly  expressed  by  a  single      sign,    thus:     "  deity,      k      deist, 

C\f  I"  •  •• 

theist,  etc.,  instead  of  thus:     I         u       etc. 

it.  Concurrent  vowels  having  any  other  than  e,  i,  y,  oo,  o,  w, 
for  the  initial  vowel  must  be  expressed  by  separate  signs,  thus: 
X  payee.  )l  Isaiah,  ('  I  or  f  *  I  laity,  \  or  I  gayety, 
rawish. 


12.— READING   EXERCISE 

ON  BRIEF  WA  AND  YA  DISJOINED. 

\      X    or\-. 


$ 


O  ...    h 


36 


SCOTT-BROWNE'S    TEXT-BOOK 


13.— WRITING  EXERCISE 

ON  BRIEF  WA  AND  YA  DISJOINED. 

Poets,  poetic,  poem,  bowie-knife,  boa,  towage,  doughy,  Zoe, 
showy,  Louis  (Looi),  lower,  Louisa,  rower,  mower,  Noe,  Noel, 
Noah,  hoer,  oasis,  oases,  stoic,  Stowell,  snowy,  slowest,  soloist. 

Opiate,  barrier,  carrier,  merrier,  Collier,  lawyer,  piano,  fiasco, 
geology,  theology,  theory,  theories,  theorize,  theorized,  Zenobia, 
Zenia,  area,  Arabia,  mania,  ammonia,  India,  olio,  folio,  folios, 
foliage,  deist,  deistic,  theist,  atheist,  atheistic,  atheistical,  atheistic- 
ally,  atheism,  insignia,  maniac,  superior,  exterior,  inferior,  interior, 
anterior,  odious,  odium,  idiom,  idiot,  idiocy,  idiotic,  piteous,  beau- 
teous, tedious,  copious,  copiously,  furious,  various,  impious,  happier, 
happiest,  wealthier,  wealthiest,  worthier,  worthiest,  balmiest,  funni- 
est, studious,  studiously,  dubious,  curious,  tinier,  tiniest,  sorriest, 
silliest,  annual,  manual,  biennial. 

Payee,  pean,  idea,  gayety.  seance,  Isaiah,  laity,  Leo,  Leon, 
eolis,  rawish,  eon. 


Of  PHUNOGKAPHY. 


37 


ASPIRATE    TICK,    HEH. 

LESSON      XI. 

HEH   ON   STEMS. 

i.     A  small  inclined  tick  for   initial  h,  is  used  on  the  following 
stems:   Em,  Er,  and  Wa.       Illustration: 


home,  homely,  harm,  -whistle. 

2.  Heh  is  also  used  on  the  joined  brief  w  signs  and  hook,  made 
in  the  direction  of  Pe  or  Cha,  and  written  upward  or  downward 
according  to  convenience  of  joining  Ilustration: 


-wheat,     -whack,     whiff,     whale,     whir,      whine,     whim. 
3.—  READING    EXERCISE 

ON   ASPIRATE   TICK. 


4.—  WRITING   EXERCISE 

ON   ASPIRATE  TICK. 

Hymn,  hem,  ham,  hum,  hemal,  Hummel,  homely,  homeliness, 
homeless,  homelike,  homicide,  homo,  homily,  hominy,  humility, 
hammock,  harm,  harmless,  harmony,  harmonize. 

Whey,  whoa,  whiz,  whizzes,  whist,  whittle,  Whittlesey,  whistle, 
whistler,  whisk,  whiskey,  whiskers. 

\Vhip,  Whipple,  whop,  whopper,  wheat,  Whateley,  Whitelaw, 
whittle,  Whitchor,  whack,  whacks,  whig,  whiff,  whang. 

Whale,  whaler.  Wheeling,  whir,  whirs,  whirl,  whirligig,  wharl, 
wherry,  wharf,  wharves,  whim,  whimsical,  whine,  whinney. 

452137 


SCOTT-BROWNE 'S    TEXT-BOOK 


ABBREVIATIONS  AND  POSITION. 

LESSON      XII. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 

1.  There  are  certain  words  of  common,  frequent  use,  that,  fo- 
the  sake  of  greater  speed  in  writing,  are  abbreviated  in  their  fono- 
grafic  representation,  the  same  as  words  are  abbreviated  in  common 
print;   that  is,  expressed  by  one,  two,   or  more  of  their  letters  or 
signs,  instead  of  all.     About  two-thirds  of  these  abbreviations  are 
complete  in  their  consonant  representation — the   vowels  only  being 
omitted;  and   although   the   advanced   fonografer  never  writes  the 
vowels  in  any  word,  except  when  absolutely  necessary,  these  special 
words — with  vowels,  only,  omitted — are  placed  in  the  list  of  abbrevia- 
tions,  because  they  are  never  to  be  vowelized  but   learned  as   the 
special,  fixed  signs  for  those  words;  while  the  words  not  in  the  list  of 
abbreviations  are  vowelized  or  not,  as  the  writer  finds  necessary. 

2.  Some  words  are  abbreviated  by  omitting  the   consonants, 
retaining  only  the  vowel,  while  other  words,  still,  are  represented  by 
brief  signs  such  as  the  circle,  loops,  half-circles,  etc. 

VOWEL   RULE  OF   POSITION. 

3.  Before  giving  a  Hst  of  abbreviations  it  will  be  necessary  to 
explain  what  is  termed  "The  vowel  rule  of  position."     It  is  already 
well  understood  that  there  are  three  PLACES  by  the  side  of  a  consonant 
stem  for  vowels.     Corresponding  to  these   three  vowel  PLACES  are 
three  stem  or  outline  POSITIONS  governed  by  the  vowels:    Words  con- 
taining a  first  place  vowel  to  be  written   in  first  position — above   the 
line;  words  containing  a  second  place  vowel  to  be  written   in  second 
position — on  the  line;  words   containing  a  third  place   vowel   to    be 
written  in  third  position — thru  or  under  the  line. 

4.  The  first  position  for  upright  and  inclined  stems  is  HALF  the 
height  of  a  Te  stem  above  the  line;  and  for  horizontals  and  brief  signs, 
about  HALF-WAY   BETWEEN   the   lines  of  writing,   according  to   the 

vidth  between   the  lines — writing  a  little  below  the  centre  on  wide- 
med  paper. 

5.  The  second  position  for  all  signs  is  on  the  line  of  writing. 

6.  The  third  position  for  upright  and  inclined  stems  is  THROUGH 
r  ACROSS,  the  line;  and  for  horizontals  and  brief  signs,  UNDER  the  Una, 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY. 


39 


7.  It  is  a  great  aid  to  legibility  to  write,  not  only   the  greater 
number  of  abbreviations,   but  also  words  of  ONE  SYLLABLE  in  the 
position  indicated  by  the  vowel — or  accented  vowel,  if  a  word  contain 
more  than  one. 

8.  Some  of  the  abbreviations  are  not  written  according  to  the 
"vowel  rule  of  position." 

(a). — This  occurs  where  there  are  two  or  more  words  having  the 
same  outline  and  containing  vowels  of  the  same  class;  they  require 
to  be  written  in  different  positions  to  prevent  conflict  and  confusion, 
as  well  as  hesitancy  in  reading.  See  signs  for  do  and  had,  each  and 
•which,  if  and  for,  etc. 

(b). — Again,  where  there  is  but  one  word  of  a  certain  stem  or  out- 
line, it  is  always  written  in  second  position,  regardless  of  the  vowel 
rule,  because  that  position  is  the  most  natural,  and  favors  ease  and 
speed  of  writing.  See  sign  for  your. 

(f). — Where  there  are  two  words  of  the  same  outline  and  vowel 
class,  the  most  frequently-occurring  one  is  given  the  second  position. 
See  signs  for  each  and  which,  ease  and  -was,  law  and  will,  are  and  our, 
no  and  own, 

(if). — Where  there  are  two  words  of  the  same  outline,  but  differing 
vowels,  the  most  frequently  occurring  one  takes  the  second  position, 
regardless  of  the  vowel,  and  the  other  one  the  next  position  to  it. 
See  which  and  muck,  think  and  thank. 


9.— SIMPLE   STEMS.— NO.   i. 

ARRANGED  ACCORDING   TO  THE  FONOGRAFIE  ALFABET. 


p 
...\   pay,  up 

B 

\     by 

\     be 
to  be 
T 


V 


It 

at,  out 


D 

/             J 

1 

dollar 

-  j°y 

'I 

do 

/      advantage 

1 

had,  advertise 

/     large 

_    company,  accompany 

Oh 

1 

G 

./... 

each 

"    give 

L 

which 

go,  together 

much 

ago 

40 


SCOTT-BROWNE'S   TEXT-BOOK 


V            F 

,         z 

N 

^  if,    off 

*     ease,  easy 

^-s  in,  any 

V_  for 

)      was 

^  /   know,  no 

i        few 
—  -x=- 

v 

Sh 

—  '    she,  wish 

own 

•    ever 
^__    have 

^l    shall,   shalt 

Ng 

^   thing 

/     issue 

^s   long,  along 

v        view 
Th 

L 

f        law 

5^.  language 

(     think 

W 

/      thank-ed,  thousand 

f~    will 

A  why 

f           Dh 

_    allow 

v    thee,  thy 

•  f-~  -  - 

R 

"^   way 

\      they,    them 

>  year 

^.     away 

/      tho',  thou 

~~\     are 

Y 

)      see 

our 

f^~  your 

M 

H 

)      say,  so,  saw 

^~^  me,  my 

^...  hish 

...X-.  us 

/-^  may,  am 

^  Ohio 

10.     Final  s  is  added  to  any  of  the  above  signs  by  writing  the 
circle  on  the  end  of  the  stem. 

II. — SHORT    SENTENCES. 

Pay  up  your  bills.  It  will  be  your  dollar  each  time  they  go. 
It  was  in  my  wish.  Which  way  will  they  go?  Why  do  they  ask 
them  for  it?  It  was  years  ago.  They  know  why  it  was  so.  Do 
they  ever  go  up  ?  Have  they  ever  thanked  ?  They  say  so.  It  will  be 
easy  for  us.  Shall  they  go  away  ?  They  will  wish  them  much  joy. 
Each  company  will  be  large.  Do  they  see  any  advantage  in  it?  It 
was  to  be  so.  They  may  think  so.  If  they  do,  she  shall  know  it. 
Does  she  own  it?  No.,  she  knows  it.  They  had  it  out  each  day. 
Your  things  are  in  Ohio. 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 


41 


12.—  COMPOUND 
V                  pprnliar-ly-ity 

STEMS.—  No.  2. 
V^x  .        familiar-ly-ity 

\         -    publish-ed 

\^*^ 

...      belong 

J       ....  especially 

i;i,_ 

\  —  /^~^~\  .  become 

...  .\             ...    to  become 

I—             talk 

L—  ;  alike 
lawyer 

L._             take 

_  |                  took 
_  '  —  dignity 

/              acknowledge 

-x           ...   argue 
/\^          refer 
/                 regular-ly-ity 

7              catholic 

/\.            represent 

L  kill 

s-~^                make 

./"\        came,  come 

^^^^i          many,  money 

>  .  effect 
\                   affect 

s~^s          among 
into 

>  fact 
.   V.               forever 

•^^s             unto 
notwithstanding 

V- 

^/"           follow 

/              enjoy 

42 


SCOTT- BROWNE'S  TEXT-BOOK 


/      knowledge 

^~ enlarge 

never 

..  nevertheless 
i     or  Cx.. ..  only 


NOTE. — Should  the  student  think  these  abbreviations  difficult  to 
learn,  let  him  notice  that  very  few  of  them  are  abbreviated  beyond 
the  omission  of  vowels,  so  that  once  looking  at  them  is  sufficient  to 
learn  them.  Those  that  are  abbreviated  by  the  omission  of  conso- 
nants should  be  written  over  several  times,  and  then,  by  practising 
them  in  short  sentences  they  will  be  remembered. 

13. — SHORT  SENTENCES. 

Notwithstanding  many  peculiar  things,  they  are  happy.  Never- 
theless, anything  will  do  for  them  Hope  for  many  things.  Never 
follow  lawyers.  Do  nothing  half-way.  Enjoy  knowledge  forever. 
Enlarge  your  knowledge.  Never  follow  peculiar  ways.  They  came 
in  time  for  your  lawyer's  money. 


OF  PHONO  GRAPH Y. 


43 


LESSON      XIII. 


ABBREVIATIONS— CONTINUED. 

I. — CIRCLES,    LOOPS,    AND   VOWELS. —NO.  3. 


0 

.  is,  his 

V)             themselves 

o     

as,  has 

^  says 

...  tf.^So  . 

first 

\             size 

\ 

.  subject 

c* 

s  .. 

subjected 

b  —  us  well  as 
..   \  sir 

N  

..  best 

~x       ...   ours,  hours 

1  

.  its 

tf-N 

seem 

f 

.  said 

6~*\            same,  some 

A.... 

such 

<j->«/           something 

/ 

.  just 

Q_y 

seen 

f 

..  suggest 

*>~~/  soon 

\-o 

.  because 

...   ^±^.      ...  necessarv 

.   signature 

s~z=>  .  .  ..    most,  must 

c 

several 

<5s_x  stenographer 

(o 

these,  thyself 

^ 

honest 

c 

this 

...  ^-0  ....:.  next 

c  

.  .  thus,  those 

---           wise 

44 


SCOTT-BROWNE'S   TEXT-na-  >  \ 


r. 


west  -  /T" 

.  yes, yours, yourself 

f^~ use,  uze 

C -  usage 

2.     The  affix  "  self  "  is  expressed  by  a  small  final  circle  on  stems, 
and  "  selves  "  by  a  large  circle. 


uses,  uzes 

used 

yesterday 

— -  highest 


3.— WRITING  EXERCISE 

This  is  peculiar.  They  will  enjoy  themselves.  This  subject  was 
used  yesterday.  Will  they  suggest  something?  She  is  a  flrst-rate 
stenographer.  Several  said  it  was  so.  Yes,  they  go  West  next 
Wednesday.  She  is  as  happy  as  they  are.  The  boy  says  his  things 
will  come  as  soon  as  they  wish  for  them.  They  have  only  necessary 
things.  She  used  yours  several  times  yesterday.  They  are  honest 
as  well  as  wise.  His  highest  aim  is  to  be  just.  Be  just,  because  it 
is  best.  His  signature  is  necessary,  as  well  as  yours. 


4._VOWEL   SIGNS.— No.  4. 


the 

s     two,  too 

v..to 

•    a,  an 

1    .owe,  oh,  O  ! 

..!....  but 

..    and 

• 

..."....11 
I 
awe 

/     who-m 

X 

of 
1 
or 

...^...should 

V 

I 

.how 

ought,  aught 

on,  he,  him 

6.  .whose 

OV  PHONOGRAPHY.  45 


5.— READING   EXERCISE. 


..r    '    f-J. 


6.— WRITING   EXERCISE. 

The  boy  has  a  dog.  I  see  a  duck  and  an  owl.  They  are  all  up 
stairs.  At  sight  of  it  I  stood  in  awe.  He  ought  to  go  soon.  Too 
many  of  them  are  in  the  house.  It  is  too  much  for  him  to  do.  Who 
took  my  book  ?  To  whom  will  you  go  for  counsel  ?  He  or  I  must 
see  to  it.  Will  they  talk  to  him  ?  He  will  go,  but  I  shall  stay. 
Should  he  think  best,  they  may  have  it.  How  soon  will  he  come? 
Whose  book  is  this?  How  long  have  they  had  it? 


46 


SCOTT.BROWNES  TEXT-BOOK 


LESSON      XIV. 

ABBREVIATIONS—  CONTINUED. 

I.  —  BRIEF  WA  AND   YA  SIGNS.  —  NO.    5. 
we                                 3    what                            „    yet 

c    with                             ?    would 
c   were                           «    ye 

2.  —  VOWEL,  STEM,  AND  BRIEF 

idea 

beyond 

SIGN  COMBINATIONS.  —  NO.  6, 
s^"             area 

•^^v            now 

|C             while 

v.  /             knew,  new 

f~             well 

I'll    I  will 

c/                where 

I'm,  I  am 

i/  aware 
«/               whereas,  worse 

altogether 

</\^_           wherever 

c/\__           wheresoever 

\  together 

when 

1         .  almighty 

<*_,              one 

?  although 

^"^               whence 

j.     whoever 
however 

^__p              once 

^^^V^           whenever 

f\w-  whensoever 

OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 


47 


withhold,  withheld 

withal 

you're,  you  are 


3.— READING   EXERCISE. 


I  r  \ 


4.— WRITING   EXERCISE. 

It  is  now  time  we  were  on  our  way.  What  would  you  do  for 
him  ?  When  and  where  would  it  be  best  to  go  ?  Which  one  is  it  ? 
What  is  the  area  of  the  State  in  which  you  live  ?  I  hope  she  is  no 
worse.  He  may  go  without  it  altogether.  We  are  within  two  miles 
of  the  house.  Your  ideas  will  have  weight.  Do  you  know  yet  how 
it  is?  How  long  ago  was  it?  Whenever  you  are  right  go  ahead. 
I  am  aware  of  the  fact.  Whoever  he  is  we  must  see  him. 


48  SCOTT-BROWNE'S    TEXT- BO  OK 

HALF-LENGTHS  AND  ED  TICK. 

LESSON      XV. 


HALVING   STEMS   TO   ADD    T  OR   D 

I.     A  stem  can  be  halved  to  add  the  sound  of  t  or  </at  the  end 
of  words  or  syllables.     Illustration: 

...I:..   .._p  ......  ^_      o^.^T.    ....">  .....  q^      .   \  '  —  x-        v 

*  •]- 

debt,     cuts,   fate,    shuts,    late,     art,     sent,    appetite,    occupied,  potato, 


elated,    berated,    robbed,      habit,       cheated,     untied,       aptly     softly. 

SHADING  THE  UNMATED   HALF-LENGTHS. 

2.  When  the  stems  La,  Er,  Em,  and  Un,  are  halved  to  add  d 
let  them  be  shaded;  but  when  halved  to  add  t  let  them  remain  light. 
Illustration: 


Kt,      ailed,      art,     aired,    sort,  sword,  mate,  made,  neat,  need,    pelt, 
^        ^    -  k          ^  '' 


toiled,  melt,  killed,  tart,  desired,  tempt,  dimmed,  silent,  mined. 
3.  The  half-length  stem  for  //  is  written  according  to  the  same 
rules  as  full-length  La,  while  the  half-length  for  Id  is  invariably 
made  downward,  because  it  is  shaded,  and  is  vowelized  the  same  as 
Y.i—  from  the  top  down,  because  it  is  made  downward,  like  Ya. 
Illustration: 


...v-...V  r.  ^     ^  .....        ^     X...  <V 

delight,  polite,  knelt,  lead,  lad,  puzzled,  spoiled,  mailed,  nailed,  revealed, 
NOTE.—  The  vowel  after  a  halved  stem  at  the  end  of  such  words 
as  rated,  righted,  elated,   avoided,  etc.,    is  understood  to  be  /,   there- 
fore it  is  never  necessary  to  write  it. 


Of    PHONOGRAPHY.  49 


ED   TICK. 

4,  The  syllable  ed  at  the  end  of  such  derivativ  words  as  fated, 
sifted,  remitted,  etc.,  where  the  primativ  word  fate,  sift,  etc.,  is 
halved  to  add  a  final  t  or  d,  is  expressed  by  a  small  tick,  written  in 
the  direction  of  Te  or  Ka,  at  the  end  of  a  word.  Illustration: 


fate,  fated,   sift,  sifted,   remit,  remitted,  sort,   sorted,    smart,  smarted, 


•want,     wanted,     wend,     wended,     word,    worded,     reward,    rewarded. 

5.  The  ed  tick  is  also  used  at  the  end  of  full-length  stems  where 
it  is  not  convenient  or  advisable  to  add  the  d  sound  by  halving. 
Illustration' 

A..      ...rf  ..........  ^.       m  .......  '[  ........  :f 

resisted,       exhausted,       imitated,       animated,       stated,       studied. 

6.  The  ed  tick  is  written  after  the  loops.     When    following  the 
sir  loop  it  expresses  only  d  with  the  vowel  /omitted-     Illustration: 

X     ../..       t       /       . 

\^_.     •-/«- 

pasted,      adjusted,      disgusted,      rested,      fasted,      lasted, 


arrested,     wasted,      hoisted,      fostered,      bolstered,      mastered. 

J.  The  halving  principle  is  very  sparingly  used  in  writing 
straight-stem  words  of  one  syllable;  such  words  as  peat,  pit,  beat, 
bought,  boat,  bead,  coat,  cud,  goat,  guide,  etc,,  being  written  by  the 
majority  of  reporters  with  both  stems,  while  others  use  the  halving 
principle  and  never  omit  the  vowels.  Illustration: 


or  _.9r   T 

Peatt  beat,  bought,  coat. 

8.  For  convenience  in  speaking  or  writing,  the  halved  stems 
can  be  named  by  adding  the  t  or  d  sound  to  the  stem  name.  Exam- 
ple: Pe,  Pet  orPed,  etc.;  Ef,  Eft;  Ve,  VgtorVgd;  Ith,  Itht;  The, 


50  SCOTT-BROWNE  'S    TEXT-BOOK  _  _ 

Thet  or  Thed;  Es,  Est,  etc.;  La,  Lat  or  Lad;   El,   Eld;   Er,  Ert  or 
Erd;  Ra,  Rat  or  Rad;  Em,  Emt  or  Emd;  Un,  Unt  or  Und;  Hah, 
Haht  or  Hahd.     This  will  make  distinguishing  terms  for  /,  t,  etc., 
expressed  by  stems,  and  /,  t,  etc,,  expressed  by  halving. 
9.     Ing,   Wa,   and  Ya  are  never  halved. 

10.  The  circle  or  loop  on  halved  stems  always  read  last.     Illus- 
tration: 

\a         -C       ?}  <~*        -0  <^  t 

>O      ......  .....   .......  .    .......  .......................  ____  ....  _______  •  ____  .  ___  ........  ,.»•<?.-  ---- 

pets,    sifts,     salts,     sorts,     meets,     needs,     midst,     didst,    couldst. 

11.  The  reporter  writes  st  loop  on  halved  stems  to  form  the  su- 
perlative degree  of  certain  adjectives.     Illustration: 

'?  xP  .V->  ,\J>  -^-/l 


late,      latest,      soft,     softest,   neat,         neatest,  smart,    smartest. 

WHEN   NOT  TO   HALVE. 

12.     The  halving  principle  does  not  apply  in  the  following  cases: 

(a).  When  initial  Ra,  in  words  of  one  syllable,  is  followed  by  t 
or  d—  writing  such  words  as  right,  rite,  rate,  road,  rood,  ride,  etc., 
with  stems  for  t  and  d. 

(b).  When  a  final  vowel  follows  t  or  d  —  writing  pity,  tidy,  duty, 
fatly,  veto,  muddy,  naughty,  lady,  etc.,  with  stems  for  t  and  d,  in 
order  to  furnish  places  for  the  vowels  following  the  t  and  d. 

(c).  When  the  consonant  before  the  t  or  d  is  both  preceded  and 
followed  by  vowels  —  writing  such  words  as  abate,  abode,  acute,  avoid, 
allayed,  amid,  unite;  parried,  borrowed,  torrid,  carried,  furrowed, 
varied,  married,  narrowed,  harrowed,  pallid,  tallowed,  dallied,  gullied, 
followed,  valid,  mellowed,  inlaid  (La  for  /),  -wallowed  (  Wa  hook),  hal- 
lowed, yellowed  (brief  Ya),  etc.,  with  stems  for  /and  d. 

(d).  When  concurrent  vowels  come  before  the  t  or  d—  writing 
poet,  diet,  fiat,  laureate,  naid,  etc.,  with  stems  for  t  and  d. 

(e).  When  t  or  d  follows  a  stem  preceded  by  another  stem,  with 
which  it  does  not  form  an  angle.  Ilustration: 


piped,  bobbed,  kicked,  gagged,      liked,       fact,  faggot,  harrowed,  reared. 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY. 


51 


13.— READING   EXERCISE. 


TERMINAL  HALF-LENGTHS. 


__ L    L. L.  (L  £ C 

)  1 "_  -.._._    *.--.. *... 

^  X^    -  -    -        >1^^     f*      .....     ^ ^^. .     \^    .  ,.a 

r     L*      i-  / 

\   .  .....  \V-     .    ^  ....*U. c^    .   .    i         ft, 

XL^      ?f<  N        I ,     r 

/*~* 


52 


SCOTT-BROWNE'S   TEXT-BOOK 


INITIAL   HALF-LENGTHS. 


TWO    HALF-LENGTHS. 

>>-.. 
h 

ED   TICK   ON  HALF-LENGTHS. 

_/y...  "v  ..^.  L  .....  u.  .  H, 

5.  L  .....  ^H.^js#?..-^-^ 

UPWARD   ED  TICK. 

14.  In  writing  the  «/  tick  on  Za^  it  is  better  to  strike  it  upward, 
on  account  of  the  liability,  in  rapid  writing,  of  the  downward  tick 
becoming  a  hook.  Illustration: 

..£  ...........  .<  .............  -S 

•wilt,  wilted,          salted,  related,         emulated,         diluted. 

k  .....  :  .V 


DISJOINED   WHOLE   AND   HALF  LENGTHS. 
instituted,    substituted,   destitute,    pathetic,        emphatic,       synthetic. 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY. 


53 


15.—  WRITING   EXERCISE. 

Pick,  picked,  poke,    poked,    pack,    packed,    talk,    talked,   tuck, 

tucked,  tack,  tacked,  checked,  joked,  jagged,  reasoned,  limit,  remit, 

limited,   remitted,  elect,   elected,    erect,    erected,    sift,   sifted,  scent, 

scented,   sound,   sounded,   rescind,    rescinded,    resound,   resounded, 

descend,    descended,    decent,     descent,    dissent,    dissented,    absent, 

absented,  invite,  invited,  indict,   indicted,  repeated,  reputed,  inhab- 

ited, uninhabited,  remedied,  innocent,  incentive,  intend,  intended. 

16.  -ABBREVIATIONS—  HALF-LENGTHS.—  No.  7. 

put 

j  .  issued 

^/  afterward 

..>..-  bad 

...C..l«t 

^-^^forward 

about 

r 

^-4/ 

lead 

-inward 

....!.   did 

r.  old,  world 

-I—outward 

.    1    debt 

lord,  read 

VC  better 

...  1     doubt 

..  .might 

..£>.    debtor 

..."..caught 

.  immediate-ly 

^ 

could 

^..made 

...V  until 

act 

"^..not 

^/— 

little 

— 

^    under,  hand,  hundred 

S* 

God,  got 

write 

S-x-  sent,  cent, 

/**S 

-—get,  good 

written 

•        thought 

^ 

.writing 

-'-••that 

-....-Want,  wind 
"^..went  wont 

/^retaia 

east 

f 

.^2.,  astonish-ed 

J 
wished 

c/..  word 

.J  establish-ed 

54  SOOTT-BKO'WE'S  TEXT-BOOK 

17.— READING    EXERCISE. 


v^ 

V 

f           r 

rj          L. 

V 

c 

n  ....  C    ...  . 

\>,'  ...I' 

^x 

c ^ 


18.— WRITING  EXERCISE. 

You  would  enjoy  a  visit  to  the  old  world.  I  want  you  to  give 
me  your  word  that  you  will  do  all  the  good  that  lies  in  your  power. 
Never  go  in  debt.  Read  only  good  books.  The  Lord  God  leadeth 
me.  We  went  to  the  woods  afterward.  Do  not  be  too  forward. 
That  was  a  good  act.  He  could  not  read  for  the  want  of  a  book. 
He  is  not  a  bad  boy.  Put  your  cap  on  the  rack.  How  much  good 
and  beauty  we  have  in  this  world  !  Have  you  any  doubt  about  it? 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY.  55 


INITIAL    HOOKS. 

LESSON     XVI. 


SMALL   INITIAL   HOOKS   FOR  L  AND  J?,   ON 
MATED   STEMS. 

1.  When  either  I  or  r  immediately  follows  any  other  consonant 
they  are  expressed  by  a  small  hook  at  the  beginning  of  the  consonant 
stem.     Ilustration: 

\ \ r     r r  .1. /...._ _ 

pi,  bl,  tl,  dl,  chl,          jl,  kl,  gl. 

V,.A 1 1      /     / - - 

pr,  br,  tr,  dr,      chr,         jr,  kr,  gr. 

s.  _.T\ ..C 5. J......J 

fl.  fr,          thl,          tkr,        shl,          shr. 

2.  In  writing  the  hooks  on  stems,  the  first  motion  of  the  pen 
is  made  in  an  opposite,  parallel  direction  to  the  stem;   and  the  next 
and  last  motion  is  at  right  angles  with  the  stem,  as  shown  in  the  ac- 
companying illustration: 


C  C...  ,1.5 


Let  these  characters  be  practised  with  care  until  the  hooks  can 
be  readily  and  perfectly  made.  Careless  writers  incline  to  make 
these  hooks  look  like  loops  or  circles.  It  is  just  as  easy  to  make 
them  right  as  wrong,  if  proper  care  is  exercised  in  the  beginning  to 
understand  the  principles  of  movement  in  forming  them. 

L    HOOK    WORDS. 

3.  Notice  that  the  /  hooks  are  on  the  right  and  upper  side  of 
the  stems. 


^?      A        ^       V       VP 

\  _____  \>A  .....  rs  .  ...N?  .....  I 


.. 

pica,    please,    play,     plows,     abL\    blows,    idle,    clay,     clause,    glow. 


^  ......  !U  .V_  ...SL    -C  ...  \y  ...'V  .  . 

flee,     fleece,    Jlow,     oval,     Ethel,     bushel,     official,     ambrosial. 


56  SCOTT-BROWNE'S    TEXT-BOOK 

R   HOOK  WORDS. 
4.     Notice  that  the  r  hooks  are  on  the  left  and  under  side. 

V...V..  \<  ....vj: ;] \ :1 r..  \_ 

pry,    praise,    brew,    breeze,    tree,    eater,  trust,  odor,    draw,    dress, 


cry,     crow,      ochre,       acre,       grow,       ogre,      egress,     grass, 


freeze,    frizzes,    frost,     throw,     ether,     thrust,     usher,     azure. 

5.  In  comparing  the  /  and  r  hook  signs,  let  the  student  regard 

v      f .<s. L_ 

//,  tl,  fi,  thl, 

and  so  forth,  as  so  many  pieces  of  wire  bent  so  as  to  form  the  initial 
hook,  and  that  these  same  pieces  of  bent  wire,  when  TURNED  OVER, 
become 

N        1 .^  3 

pr,  tr,  fr,  thr. 

To  illustrate  still  more  clearly,  let  them  be  written  in  pairs,  as  follows: 

\       \ \       %   etc.. 

//,        p>',  bl,         br, 

,_V.    ^^.^     C...  5      C ....).    J  }    J  J 

fli      fri        v^>     vl'i       *hl,    thr,      dhl,  dhr,       shl,     shr,     z/il,     zhr, 
— the  shr  and  zhr  forms  being  turued  over  endwise  to  give  the  forms 
for  shl  and  zhl. 

SPECIAL   VOWELIZATION. 

6.  The  initial  hooks  are  intended  for  the  expression  of  /  and  r 
preceded  by  a  stem  consonant  without  a  vowel  between  the  stem  and 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY.  57 


hook  consonants,  as  \nplay,  pry,  etc.,  and  for  the  expression  of  such 
syllables  as  pie,  ble,  fie,  per,  ber,  ter,  etc.  ,  in  couple,  bible,  trifie,  reaper, 
fiber,  cater,  etc.;  but  there  are  many  words  of  long,  awkward  form, 
such  as  collect,  correct,  fulcrum,  telegram,  etc.,  that  are  shortened  in 
ourtme  and  rendered  even  more  legible  by  using  these  hook  signs; 
and  for  this  class  of  words  special  rules,  for  showing  that  the  vowel 
is  to  be  read  between  the  hook  and  the  stem,  are  given. 

7.  When  the  vowel  heard  belongs  to  the  dash  class,  represent  it 
by  the  dash  sign  struck  through  the  stem  at  right  angles  —  made  heavy 
for  long  vowels  and  light  for  short  ones  —  and  written  in  first,  second, 
or  third  place,  the  same  as  in  ordinary  vowelization.  Illustration: 

•  -- 


fall,  cold,  full,  fulcrum 

8.  As  the  shape  of  the  dots  will  not  admit  of  their  being  written 
through  the  stem  and  be  distinguished,  like  the  dashes,  the  vowels  of 
the  dot  class  are  represented  by  small  circles,  written,  for  long  vowels, 
before  upright  and  inclined  stems,  and  above  horizontal  ones;  written, 
for  short  vowels,  after  upright  and  inclined  stems,  and  below  hori- 
zontal ones,  observing,  as  usual,  the  three  vowel  places.  Illustration: 


feel,         fail,         carpets,         fill,         fell,         Paroxysm. 

9.  When  the  vowels  heard  in  err  and  air  are  to  be  read  between 
the  hook  and  stem,  indicate  it  by  making  the  parallel  dash  signs  into 
ellipses,  thus: 

........  X 

birth,  careless. 

10.  The  difthong  signs  are  either  struck  through  the  stem,  or  else 
written  at  the  beginning  or  at  the  end  of  stems,  to  denote  that  they 
are  to  be  read  between  an  initial  hook  and  stem,  thus: 


cure,  casital. 


SCOTT-BROWNE'S   TEXT-BOOK 


ii.— READING  EXERCISE. 


.\      \      V-     " 

- 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY.  59 


12.— WRITING   EXERCISE. 

Apple,  able,  clue,  eclai,  please,  pleases,  pleased,  play,  played, 
plow,  blow,  blaze,  blazed,  idle,  idles,  clay,  close,  glaze,  glass,  fly, 
flow,  fleece,  flees,  flies,  flows,  fleeced,  oval. 

People,  peopled,  pickled,  buckled,  tickled,  cockled,  giggled, 
fickle,  cobble,  gable,  table,  stable,  stubble,  scuffle,  faithful,  truthful, 
mouthful,  treacle,  draggle,  prattle,  brittle,  scuttle,  fiddle,  victuals, 
thickly,  flatter,  blacker,  flavor,  pressure,  special,  initial,  nuptial, 
influential,  essential,  substantial,  prudential,  especial,  ambrosial, 
casual,  visual,  official,  officially,  bleach,  oblige,  club,  cloth,  clotkes, 
clash,  claim,  gloom,  youthful,  vocal,  unable,  muddle,  employ, 
simple,  sample,  example,  dissemble,  resemble,  tumble,  rumble, 
devil,  level,  lawful,  ankle,  uncle,  angle,  ethical,  plaster,  blister, 
bluster,  cluster,  cloister. 

Pray,  pry,  brow,  tree,  trio,  eater,  try,  utter,  tray,  draws,  odor, 
cry,  crew,  acre,  agree,  free,  fray,  offer,  over,  affray,  threw,  throw, 
through,  usher,  azure. 

Price,  prize,  prizes,  prized,  breeze,  braced,  trace,  trust,  trusted, 
crust,  crazed,  grist,  grazed,  grazes,  grasses,  thrice,  thrust,  precise, 
process,  blazes,  crisis,  crises. 

Prop,  probable,  prime,  probe,  approach,  preach,  pretty,  bribe, 
brick,  brag,  brush,  bravo,  broom,  broil,  brier,  briny,  bridge, 
breeches,  breath,  breathe,  break,  bring,  trip,  tribe,  trick,  track,  truth, 
trim,  trash,  drug,  dream,  droll,  drear,  dreary,  drouth,  dressy,  creep, 
crape,  group,  grim,  grab,  growl,  grog,  frog,  freak,  frail,  thrill, 
throng. 

Paper,  pauper,  taper,  dipper,  cheaper,  jobber,  keeper,  caper, 
copper,  gutter,  figure,  vigor,  vapor,  vicar,  entry,  sentry,  pitcher, 
major,  lodger,  ledger,  archer,  richer,  Rogers,  degree,  decreed, 
degrade,  sugar  (Ska),  shiver  (S/ia),  measure,  leisure,  erasure,  fisher, 
treazure,  treasury,  pleasure. 

VOWELS   HEARD    BETWEEN   HOOK   AND   STEM. 

Germ,  firm,  Germany,  person,  charm,  form,  George,  courage, 
full,  fulsome,  procure,  cheerful. 


60  SCOTT-BROWNE'S    TEXT-BOOK 

L  AND  R  HOOK   ON  UNMATED  STEMS. 

13.  The  initial  hook  for  /  on  Em,  Un,   Ra,  and  Hah  is  made 
large.     Illustration: 

.....................  O  ........   CL^...  .............  </.  ..........  £_  ............  _  ......... 

ml,  nl,  rl,  hi. 

14.  The  hook  for  r  on  Em,  Un,  Hah  is  made  small,  and  the  stem 
shaded,  to  distinguish  the  mr,  nr,  and  hr  combination  signs  from  win, 
wn,  and  Hah,     Illustration: 


mr,  nr,  hr. 

15.  A  large  initial  hook  on  La  expresses  the  other  liquid  conso- 
nant, r.  Let  it  be  noticed  of  the  two  liquids  that  La  takes  a  large 
hook  for  r  and  that  Ra  takes  a  large  hook  for  /.  Illustration: 


Ir,  rl. 

16.  The  initial  hooks  for  /  and  r  are  never  used  on  Es,  Ze,  Er, 
Ing,  or  Wa.  Ing,  when  hooked  initially,  being  required  to  express 
nr;  and  Es,  Ze,  Er,.  Wa,  when  hooked  initially,  being  required  to 
express  Thr,  Dhr,  Per,  Ver.  Ydl  —  Ya  with  initial  hook  —  is  not 
used  for  anything,  as  it  is  an  inconvenient  form  to  join;  besides,  it  is 
quicker  and  better  to  express  yl  by  the  brief  Ya  sign  and  /  stem. 


17.— READING   EXERCISE. 
camel,  animal,  canal,     kernel  and  colonel,    spiral,    exhale,   help,    color, 

/?. 'k ^r....1^     "(     ^     k.     ^A. 

rumor,      tremor,      moral,     minor,      north,      cohere,     adhere,     inherit. 


18.— WRITING    EXERCISE 

Enamel,  canaille,  kernel,  colonel,  enameled,  spirals,  relapse, 
relapsed,  relax,  relaxes,  relaxed,  spinal,  spaniel,  channel,  panel, 
canal,  final,  flannel,  penal,  vernal,  finally,  coral,  choral,  floral,  rural, 
barrel,  peril,  Tyrol,  thoroughly,  help,  helper,  helpless,  health, 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 


61 


healthy,  healthier,   he. 
helmet,    inhale,    unwl 
scholar,  secular.  Fowl 

IQ.—  L  AND  R 

R 

..  .^  .  appear 
.^S^principal-Iy,  principle 
.-.^...praotisu 

jlthiest.   healthful,  heliotrope,  halcyon,   helm. 
lolesome.    exhale,    unhealthy,    color,    collar, 
er,  valor,  raillery,  stickler. 

HOOK   ABBREVIA' 

HOOK,    STRAIGHT    STEW 

-\     true 

1 

--doctor 
1  dear 

...  1    during 
/...cheer 
./.chair 

HOOK,    STRAIGHT   STEM 

r 

..'.....deal 
1  ...deliver-ed 

A....  children 
I   HOOK,    CURVED   STEMS 

...  ...either 
..-/...there,  their 
—  ^    other 
..^f.-sure,  assure 
_o..share 
...Mr.,  mere 
<r-s.more 

riONS.—  No,  8. 
s. 

y  larger 

c  —  care,  occur 
cure,  accrue. 
correct-ed 
c—  T^aggregaie-ed 
.  agree 

...N.  re-member 
.-^...number 
....1...  utter,  truth 

L 

<t 

...>..  .able,  abiy 

1     till,  tell 

3. 

call 

c—  clerk 
collect-e(J 

humor 
near,   nor,   honor 

...f..  at  all 
] 
"V""1  form 

™J>  from 
'.  over 

..A-  every,  very 

""VaVer 
.  *.  .  author,  three 

..  ^    through 

hire 

f    hear,  here,  her 

..^-hair 

'        remark 
/~^*  manner 

'S  TEXT- BOOK 


L    HOOK,    CURVED    STEMS. 


feel,  fill,  fall 
..  fail,  fell 
..  full 
.  evil 
.  avail 

value 


million 
\*7>  promulgate-d 

?N.  family 

^ 
real-ly 

'  roll 
~  rule 


™  heal,  hall 
<^..  hole,  hale,  hell 
... X-  howl,  whole 
enroll 

ruler 
thoroughly 


2O.  —  DISTINGUISHING   OUTLINES  AND   CONTRACTIONS. 


\ 


propose,  prepare,  purport,  appropriate,  predict,  product,  purchase. 
perhaps, 

—^  .......  L  /  ..........  n  ........  ^  .......  n  .........  ^  ..... 

protect,     dark,  church,      credit,      courage,    accuracy,       girl. 


declare,  calculate,     report,      reporter    record,      regard,  important, 

required,  importance. 


—TV.. 


import-ed,  impart-ed,  insurance,  current,  crowned,    grant,    grand, 

ground. 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY. 


63 


LESSON     XVII. 


THE  INITIAL  CIRCLE  ON  L  AND  R  HOOK  SIGNS. 

1.  To  prefix  s  on  r  hook  signs,  the  hook  is  made  into  a  circle. 

2.  To  prefix  s  on  /  hook  signs,   the  circle  is  made  within  the 
look.        Illustration: 

....X  .....  "X  ......  N(  ..  N  .....  X  .  .    X  .....   /:...     -/*  ... 


spray,      pry,       spry,      upper,  supper,       crawl,  scrawl, 

,...%  ......  .%  .....  \  .......  \  ........  V>'  ......  ,v*  ......  x  .;  ..  i 

plat,     splat,      plash,     splash,     bloom,       sublime,     play,  display. 

' 


3.  The  circle  on  Ka,  before  an  /.hook  on  Pe  and  Be,  is  elon- 
gated or  flattened,  like  a  loop,  and  the  pen  is  carried  entirely  over 
the  stem  before  it  turns  to  form  the  hook;  thus  enabling  the  writer 
to  get  that  part  of  the  hook,  where  it  joins  the  stem  on  which  it 
Delongs.  quite  distinct.*  Illustration: 


excusable,  explored. 

4.  In  writing  such  words  •as  disagree,  descry,  prescribe,  etc.,  the  cir- 
cle is  written  on  the  right  side  of  the  first  stem,  and  the  second  stem, 
which  is  Ka  or  Ga.  is  written  directly  out  from  the  top  of  the  circle. 
This  brings  the  circle  on  the  r  hook  side  of  Ka  and  Ga.  Illustration: 


disagree, 


v 
prescribe. 


*  Some  writers  make  the  turn  of  the  pen  directly  on  the  A"i  stem,  instead  of  alter 
the  crossing  over.     That  way  which  is  easiest  and  most  legible  to  the  writer  is  the  /vst- 


64  SCOTT-BROWNE'S    TEXT-BOOK 

5.     Many  writers  omit  the  r  representation  in  the  words  describe, 
prescribe,  etc.,  and  express  them  thus: 


1  V_  ^ 

d v         ..   '0 — v   'd 'N. 

v\  v\  v\ 


6.  In  writing  the  circle  on  the  r  hook  side,  between  stems  run- 
ning in  the  same  direction,  it  is  not  necessary  to  show  the  hook,  as 
the  left  and  under  side  of  straight  stems  is  known  to  be   the  r  hook 
side,  while  the  right  and  upper  side  of  straight  stems  is  known  to  be 
the  circle  side.     Illustration: 

..........  \       \  -\        \  .....  -C—     ^ 

psp,      p-spr,  tst,       t-str,  ksk,  k-skr, 

\*C. 
.....  \  ..... 

precept,    prosper,  dusty,  destroy,  distressed,  cask,  excrescence,  excursive. 

7.  Per  preceded  by  Dis  is  written  thus;    <k       as  in  the  words 
disappear,  disparage,  dayspring,  etc. 

8.  In  such  words  as  tasteful,  boastful,  trustful,  etc.,  where  the 
/  hook  sign  cannot  be  made  following  the  st  loop,  the  pen  crosses  the 
stem,  thus  reducing  the  loop  to  simple  s  and  enabling  the  writer  to 
form  a  perfect  hook  on  the  Ef  stem.     This  contracts  the  words  to 
tas'ful,  boas'ful,  trus'ful,  etc.     Illustration: 


tasteful,  boastful,  trustful,  breastplate. 


9.—  WRITING   EXERCISE. 
Spray,   supper,   sober,   suitor,   strew,    cider,    suppress,   cypress, 

soberly,  screw,  scarcely<=  a  —  •$  secrecy,  sacred,  supply,  sable, 
satchel,  sickle,  cycle,  possible,  disciple,  display,  displayed,  accusable, 
physical,  peaceful,  passively,  plausible,  classical,  classically,  crucible. 
explore,  taxable,  graceful=c  C_  (the  hook  of  the  Ef  in  graceful  is 
implied  by  the  circle  at  the  end  of  the  Ga  stem  being  elongated  like  a 
loop.  If  there  was  no  /  hook  to  express,  the  circle  would  be  kept 
round,  thus:  «  —  ^_),  disgraceful,  prosperous,  prosperously,  distresses. 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 


65 


disaster,  disasters,  disastrous,  cheese-press,  Caspar,  excreable, 
excursive,  describe,  disagreeable,  disagreeably,  disappear,  disparage, 
dayspring,  pastry,  pasture  (Pis-Cher),  extreme,  gastric,  mixture 
(Em-Kas-Cher),  fixture  (Ef-Kas-Cher),  dishonor=4__,  ,  designer, 
strainer,  streamer. 

Straggle,  struggle,  strapper,  supreme,  soprano,  sobriety,  strata, 
stream,  streamed,  streamlet,  strength,  strange,  stranger,  strangest, 
strut,  street,  strait,  straight,  straighter,  sprite,  sprout,  sprayed,  des- 
perate, desperately,  desperado,  whisper,  whispered,  distribute,  dis- 
tributed, distract,  distracted,  distrust,  distrusted,  trustful,  distrustful, 
mistrust,  mistrustful,  expressly,  describe,  descried,  prescribe,  pro- 
scribe, subscribed,  ascribed,  abstract,  extract,  extracted,  excusable, 
crucible,  taxable,  explore,  explored,  explode,  exploded,  display,  dis- 
played, displays,  frustrate,  frustrated,  hemisphere  (hemisfere),  gossi- 
mer,  moral,  morally,  curse,  discourse,  discoursed, 


atmosphere    immoral,     mortal,     immortal,     course,     persuade. 


io.— ABBREVIATIONS. 

CIRCLE    ON    L   AND    K   HOOK    SIGN'S. — No.    Q. 


<\ 

.  ..:9_. surprise 
.../P..  surprises 


s 


surprised 


°\ 

spirit 


jx     separated 


c^-  scare 
secure 
-scarce 


..—/v- 

/^.scarcely 
o~^> 


..N.. supply 
.  x... supplied 

skill 

s —  scale 
school 


(jg  SCO TT- BROWNE'S   TEXT-BOOK 

LESSON     XVIII. 


BACK  HOOK  FOR  IN,  EN,   UN. 

\.  The  syllables  in,  en  or  un,  preceding  the  s  circle  on  r  hook 
signs,  are  expressed  by  a  small  back  hook,  made  so  as  to  bring  the 
circle  on  the  r  hook  side  of  the  stem.  Illustiation: 

\ _^ ,...1  ^  -^ _ 

inspire,          inspired,         instruct,         insecure,          unscrupulous. 
2.     This  hook  is  also  used  on  sla,  set;  sent.     Illustration: 


inslave,         unceremonious,         unseemly. 

3.— WRITING  EXERCISE. 

Inseparable,  inseparably,  insuperable,  unsuppressed,  instructor, 
unstrung,  inscribe,  insecurity,  insoluble,  unsolvable,  unsalable, 
unsullied,  insular,  insult,  insulted,  unsolicited,  unceremoniously, 
unseemly,  ensample,  ensemble  (ongsombl). 

4.— READING   EXERCISE.— SENTENCES. 

N  i  _• L.2..   LJZ-*. 


»  v 
./N>  0  o^f 

^^C-v         !$LjL« 

0  X      X.  *\\  ...   .To       .„*.  / 

'   r   ~*-\    °           /  '  ' 

1                   v\              ^~^->>                                 C^,. 

f 1        C 

,    -      -\.i    s 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY.  67 


LESSON    XIX. 


W  TICK. 

i.     The  sound  of  w  following  a  stem  consonant  is  expressed  by 
a  vertical  or  horizontal  tick  joined  initially  to  the  stem.    Illustration: 


V 

I 


twice,      twirl,     dwell,        quick,       quagmire,    thwack,    Schwab, 
2.     The  circle  for  initial  j  can  be  written  on  the  w,  or  wu,  tick, 
in  such  words  as  squaw,  squabble,  squirrel,  etc.     Illustration: 


squaw,  squirrel. 

3.  The  kwr  and  kivl  words  can  be  expressed  by  two  different 
principles,  both  of  which  are  equally  correct.  Some  writers  make 
no  exceptions  in  the  use  of  the  wu  tick  principle — carrying  it  into  all 
the  kwr  and  kwl  combinations  ;  while  others  prefer  to  express  the  w 
in  these  combinations  by  a  hook  on  the  Ra  and  La  stems;  and  still 
other  writers  make  use  of  both  principles — the  tick  in  some  words 
and  the  hook  in  others.  "*  . 

The  following  words  illustrate  the  use  of  both  the  tick  and  hook: 


queer, 
_                          >.           p 
i  —  7"   or  Q  **i                   ^ 

square, 

quelled, 
-*      or  —  ^/ 

sqtiall, 
\  /  or        ^ 

squirm, 

P        * 
c  —  ^      or  p     ^  or 

quarry, 

quart, 

squared. 

NOTE. — The  author  of  this  work  uses  the  tick  in  all  the  kwl  com- 
binations, and  the  hook  in  nearly  all  the  kwr  combinations,  especially 
in  all  words  containing  a  half-length,  such  as  quart,  squared,  etc. 

*  The  English  fonografer  writes  Erd  following  Ef,  Ve,  La,  Ka,  Co.,  etc.,  in  the 
words  feard,  fired,  veered,  lard,  cored,  scored,  geared,  etc.,  but  it  is  neither  prac- 
tised nor  recommended  by  American  fonografers. 


68  SCOTT-BROWNE'S  TEXT-BOOK 

4.     The  iv&  tick  is  useful  in  writing  such   Spanish   names  as 
Puebla,  Buena   Vista,  etc.     Illustration: 


Puebla  Buena  Guardafui  Gnaxaca. 

(Pivdblah)       (BwdnaK),       (Gwardafwee).         (Gwdhdka) 


5.— WRITING   EXERCISE. 

Twist,  twists,  twisted,  untwist,  untwists,  untwisted,  tweezers, 
twitter,  twinkle,  twilight,  twirl,  twill,  twilled,  dwell,  dwelt,  Dwight, 
dwarf,  dwarfish,  Dwinnell,  equip,  equipoise,  quibble,  quiet,  quota, 
quest,  inquest,  request,  requested,  bequest,  bequeath,  quad,  quick, 
quicker,  quickest,  quickly,  quake,  Quaker,  quack,  quicksilver,  quick- 
sand, quagmire,  quaff,  quaffed,  quoth,  quiesce,  acquiesce,  quase, 
quassia,  quill  (El),  quell,  equal,  equally  (La),  qualify,  qualified,  dis- 
qualify, disqualified,  quality,  querl,  quarrel,  quirk,  queer,  choir, 
quire,  qualm,  qualmish,  equator,  quarter,  guano,  thwack,  thwacked, 
Thwing,  Schwab,  Schwartz. 

Squaw,  squabble,  squatter,  sequel,  square,  squirm,  esquire. 

Words  in  which  the  hook  for  w,  instead  of  the  tick,  might  better 
be  used: 

Query,  quarry,  quarried,  quart,  squared,  squirt,  squirted.    • 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 


LESSON      XX. 


SMALL   TERMINAL   HOOKS   FOR  N,  F,  AND    V. 


I.  The  sound  of  n  at  the  end  of  words  and  syllables,  and  in  the 
•middle  of  words  where  no  vowel  follows  it,  is  represented  by  a  small 
terminal  hook  made  on  the  left,  and  under  side,  of  straight  stems, 
and  on  the  inside  of  curved  stems.  Illustration: 


fin,     tinge,    June,     canopy,    fate,    loan,    main,    swain,  run,   hen. 

2.  S,  terminating  «-hook  words,  is  expressed  by  making  the 
hook  into  a  circle,  on  straight  stems,  and  by  writing  a  circle  within 
the  hook  of  curves.  Illustration: 


.4 


bones,     dines,     chains,     tokens,     runs,     Athens,     nuns,      refines. 

3.     The  large  circle  and  the  loops  are  written  on   he  «-hook  side 
to  express  ns-s,  nst,  nstr.     Illustration: 


expenses,     enhances,     danced,     glanced,       funster,     spinsters. 
F   AND   V  HOOK, 

4.  The  sound  of  f,  or  its  cognate,  v,  at  the  end  of  words  and 
syllables,  and  in  the  middle  of  words  where  no  vowel  follows  it,  is 
represesented  by  a  small  terminal  hook  made  on  the  circle  side  of 
straight  stems;  and  the  circle  for  s,  terminating  f  and  f-hook  words, 
is  made  -within  the  hook,  to  distinguish  it  from  simple  s  without 
the/  or  v  sounds.  Illustration: 


.....  N 

\3' 

froof,         approves,         devote,         devise,         division, 


deafen,         strife,  gloves,         archives,         hoofs, 


70 


SCOTT-BROWNE'S    TEXT-BOOK 


5.  The  hook  for  f  and  v  is  never  written  on  the  curve  stems. 
NOTE  (a). — Observe   that  the  s   circle   formed   within  hooks  is 

elongated,  like  a  loop,  and  made  in  the  direction  of  the  stem  to  which 
the  hook  belongs. 

(b). — The  large  circle  and  the  loops  for  si  and  sir  are  never  written 
on  hooks. 

6.  If  a  vowel  follows  n,  for  v,  those  consonants  must  be  rep- 
resented by  the   stems,   in   order  to   furnish  a  place  for  the  vowel- 
Illustration: 

...  !* VL  k,  Su< .X -^ x- ...  ^  . 

brine,     briny,    fun,     funny,     assign,     assignee,     rain,     rainv, 


cough,     coffee,     grieve,     gravy,     heave,     heavy,     rough,     review. 


\ 


7.—  READING    EXERCISE. 

.?»  ......  ^    «*         3- 


/5       »_ 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY. 


8.— WRITING  EXERCISE. 

Pawn,  pen,  open,  been,  bone,  tan,  eaten,  oaten,  din,  don,  chain, 
chin,  June,  coin,  keen,  cane,  oaken,  gun,  gown. 

Spun,  spoon,  sabin,  satan,  satin,  stone,  sadden,  scan,  skin, 
sicken,  sustain,  Staten,  stewpan,  weapon,  widen,  wooden,  waken, 
wagon,  worn,  warn,  Warren,  sweeten,  Sweden,  sworn,  queen, 
quince,  quinces,  equinox,  equinoctial,  equestrian. 

Prune,  brown,  brain,  bran,  train,  drown,  drawn,  churn,  adjourn, 
crane,  acorn,  crown,  corn,  green,  grain,  grin,  groan,  twine,  twines, 
twin,  twins,  twain,  entwine,  twinge,  twinges. 

Plain,  plan,  blown,  clean,  clan,  clown,  glean,  glen,  decline, 
recline. 

Fan,  fun,  vine,  thin,  assign,  zone,  shine,  lawn,  urn,  moon,  nun. 

Soften,  seven,  serene,  Simon,  Stephen,  Stamen,  flown. 

Suspense,  strains,  screens,   widens,  stamens,  Stevens,  woman's. 

Puff,  bluff,  pave,  brave,  strive,  dove,  cave,  rove,  serve. 

Puffs,  paves,  drives,  chiefs,  Jove's,  oaves,  coughs,  cuffs,  graves, 
grieves,  arrives,  roves,  raves. 

Panic,  pancake,  pinch,  punch,  punish,  pennon,  bandy,  banjo, 
banish,  tonnage,  Charming,  candy,  conic,  coinage,  expunge,  experi- 
ences, expenses,  finish,  furnish,  vanish,  thinness,  heathenish,  linear, 
lonely,  minute,  mlntite,  minutely,  minuteness,  mental,  mantel, 
miner,  piquancy,  potent,  potency,  demean,  demeanor,  vacancy, 
organic,  envenom,  phenomena,  phenomenon,  plenty,  planet,  pleni- 
tude, plunge,  blanch,  French,  fringe,  plenary,  penurious,  penance, 
finance,  synonym,  seminary,  sponge,  Spanish,  stauuch,  stingy, 
pippin,  bobbin,  obtain,  barn,  Auburn,  Italian,  deepen,  detain,  do- 
main, adorn,  cabin,  roughen,  raven,  region,  regain,  famine,  foreign, 
lemon,  Lyman,  illumine,  remain,  imagine,  machine,  engine,  tribune, 
blacken,  chairman,  African,  Mormon,  Norman,  Herman,  Hellman. 

Preference,  toughen,  deafen,  deafness,  define,  divine,  devote, 
devout,  devotee,  devour,  reveal,  rival,  revere,  rover,  river,  reverence, 
equivalent,  quiver,  quaver,  hover,  beaver,  tougher,  cover,  clever, 
clover,  devise,  advise,  division,  devotion,  defence,  advance,  bever- 
age, engraver,  provide,  provided,  provision,  Providence,  providen- 
tial, -xtravagance,  extravagant. 


72 


SCOTT-BROWNE'S    TEXT-BOOK 


SHORT  SENTENCES. 

Ten  honest  men  live  in  one  town.  Nine  fair  women  spun  six- 
teen skeins  of  woolen  yarn.  The  moon  shines  upon  the  lawn.  Green 
are  the  banks  of  Bonny  Doon.  When  it  rains,  the  Robins  say, 
"Cheer  up,  cheer  up,  cheer  up!"  Rover  is  a  brave  dog,  you  will 
discover,  and  serves  his  masler  faithfully.  The  Bluff  river  divides 
our  farm.  Never  swerve  from  right  behavior.  See  the  rainbow! 
The  poor,  with  industry,  are  happier  than  the  rich,  in  idleness.  Put 
down  your  pen  and  join  the  children  in  their  fun. 


9.— ABBREVIATIONS.— TV,    F,  AND  V  HOOKS.— No.  10. 

N    HOOK. 


*       opinion 

(»        then 

./~^>    begun 

\       upon 

Cthan 
... 

—  \          began 

_^       been 

(^       alone,  loan 

>-^3 

r           turn   torn 

...  J        done 

men 

P 

...  «    ....  sudden 

1    down 
</       join 

,,s~z*  man 
human 

....  J     -    at  length 

P 

v  delinquent 

J       general-ly 

—  V-V— 

women 

.   s\    ...  happen 

3      can 
gone 

6~&       woman 
...^-?       known,  none 

.  .  \  ....punish-ed 
TV.,  explain-ed 

__,       gain,  again 

union 

~f 
d         question 

v              often,   phonog- 
\o           raphy 

£~*      learn 

J..  Christian 

^»      even 

\  ^     pecuniary 

CT-5 

*    correspond 

^*       thine 

__^-r»     begin 

..r~/.  consequential 

OF    PHONOGRAPHY. 


73 


*T 

V_.  ..signify-ied-cant 

...   !dL  western 

5^      fallen 

..    (°    ..   southern 
..  ..*\  pertain 
«v        appertain 

^|  ..  .prudential 
_^i  prominent 
""V-^     permanent 

^ 

...  .           .    point,  appoint 

Y 

HALF-LENGTHS. 

°-3 
consequent 

^ 

behind  bind 

..   °-a       second 

^j? 

J         tend 

...  .  J    ...  attend 
J 

did  not,  didn't 

..  .  J   ...  .do  not,  don't 

....TSrf  ..   superintend 
"-a  acquaint-ed 

....  -a    .  gained 

Vj> 
.  find 

....x-?  round 
....sx9  ...  .surround 
3t_.  ....around 
J        understand 

..    |         ..  had  not.  hadn't 

Vj    .  found 

\s>       turned 

.  .  -  ...  ...  gentlemen 
....(/        gentleman 
kind 
can't 

Wr..  foundation 

.  .  x>  land 

0 

mind 

S3, 

minds 

..  .~~f....,  accident 
....Tin      subsequent 
...  -TV?  returned 
C        learnt 

...  rr.TH^1    cannot 

meant,   mend. 

/-iSN      impend 

..  1     .  at  once 

a 

°-B 

.consequence 

-••-f*  amount 
ENS,  ENSES,    ENST. 

..  ^.  balanced 

c~o    .  occurrence 

...~^>  ...  against 
"\ 

—  ^.     ...balance 
...  .  \_    .  balances 

.  .7~O  ...Kansas 
.  .TT'o      gains 

-^ 

..  «....  experience 

transcript 

O 

9  -v 

74                                     SCOTT-BROWN&S  TEXT-BOOK 

\»      before 

F  AND   V   HOOK. 

_\3-'     provision 
tv      )      proficient-ly- 

profit,  prophet 
x       profitable 

v   above 
"       difficult-y 

\j—     perfect 

prophetic 

differed-ent- 

>»  ....belief,  believe 
I-  defect 
j     ...advocate 
....  l/r  deficient-iency 
...L_P  defence 
j      advance 

*^~-  -^      providence-tial- 

gave,  goverm- 
—  J    ...     ment 

C\>      proof,  prove 
...  ^v.        approve 

'-Xx 

\a    improve-d-ment 

%5       believed 

ini 

extravagant-ly- 

forgive 
._V_3     forgave 
^?  or/\_half 

*\.      provide 

EXPRESSION    OF    NUMBERS. 

I. — Numbers  are  expressed  by  the  usual  Arabic  figures;  but 
in  writing  single  figures,  1  and  6,  on  account  of  their  resem- 
blance to  fonografic  characters,  must  be  written  thus:  <^s  one, 
six. 


2. — In  expressing  but  one  denomination  of  numbers,  such  as 
millions,  thousands,  or  hundreds,  the  fonografic  signs  are  used  thus: 
16  C~\  16,000,000;  12  (  or  12^  12,000;  9  -^  or  9  v— A  900; 

or  c-yv — 1     loo;     a-^/   or   o   Q — -1     600; 
6.000,000. 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY.  75 


LE  SSON       XXI. 


SHUN  AND  ESHUN  HOOKS. 

SHUN  HOOK. 

i.  The  syllable  shun  (or  zhun)  following  a  stem  consonant, 
is  expressed  by  a  large  final  hook  made  on  either  side  of  straight 
stems,  and  on  the  concave  side  of  curve  stems.  Illustration: 


potion,    passion,    inception,    addition,   perdition,    occasion,    sections, 


dissection,      rations,       adhesion,      fashions,      visionary,      motions, 

.....  O    ........  -to  .........  35 

nations,    dissention,     oration,      volition,     persuasion,      reservation, 

2.  In  writing  the  words  unction,  sanction,  distinction,  etc.,  the 
stem  for  the  Ka  sound  can  be  omitted,  without  impairing  legibility. 
Illustration: 


unction,        sanctions,        distinction. 

3.     The  syllable  ist,  following  Shun  and  Eshun,  is  expressed  by 
half-length  ^j  (Est)  on  the  hooks.     Illustration: 


elocutionist,        factiomst,         annexationtst, 

ESHUN    HOOK. 

4.  The  syllable  shun  following  s  represented  by  a  circle,  and 
a  vowel,  is  expressed  by  a  small  hook  on  the  back  of  the  circle. 
Illustration: 


.X      JL  ........  ~A  ............  S*  ..............  i- 

position,     decision,  accession,      physician,     cessation,      pulsation, 


76  SCOTT-BROWNE-S   TEXT-BOOK 


incision,     musician,     accusation,      propositions,    juxtaposition, 


vexation,  pronunciation,  transition. 

5.  Words  containing  this  small  hook  are  legible  without  writing 
the  vowel  tha'.  i?  heard  be'orr  he  hook;  out  if  it  is  desired  to  express 
this  vowel  any  time,  write  it  on  the  left  side  ot  .ne  hook  for  first  place 
vowels  and  on  the  right  for  second  place  vowels.  Illustration: 

...s  ...................  % 

precision,        processions,         sensational. 


6.— WRITING  EXERCISE. 

Potion,  passion,  passions,  editions,  addition,  sedition,  section, 
suction,  deception,  attraction,  attractions,  detraction,  inception,  sub- 
traction, perception,  reception,  inspection,  exception,  refraction, 
infraction,  reduction,  subtraction,  perdition,  approbation,  attrition, 
adoration,  ration,  rations,  oration,  orations,  derision,  actions,  cau- 
tion, occasion,  fashion,  fashions,  vision,  visions,  visionary,  caution- 
ary, missionary,  nation,  nations,  national,  diction,  dictionary,  mis- 
sion, missions,  notions,  notional,  lotion,  allusion,  solution,  adhesion, 
cohesion,  dilation,  adoration,  admonition,  attention,  dissension,  dis- 
tention,  distraction,  restriction,  probation,  approbation,  volition, 
violation,  affiliation,  pretension,  apprehension,  recreation,  tradition, 
aggregation,  peroration,  navigation,  apparition,  repetition,  reputa- 
tion, selection,  election,  elocution,  elocutionist,  elocutionists,  fac- 
tionist,  factionists,  affectionate,  affectionately,  observation. 

Opposition,  position,  possessions,  decision,  causation,  accession, 
accusation,  aquisition,  physician,  physicians,  incision,  musician, 
musicians,  sensations,  proposition,  prepositions,  supposition,  cesssa- 
tion,  secession,  annexation,  annexationist,  pulsations,  vowelization, 
civilization,  taxation. 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY.                                              77 

7.—  ABBREVIATIONS.—  SHUN  AND  ESHUN  HOOKS.—  No.  n. 

SHUN   HOOKS. 

\          passion 
,  ,\i       objection 

°l 

...  U   consideration 

-* 

<-'       exaggeration 

V3v       fashionable-bly 
....  P    ...  session 

...     >X          objectionable 
....O    ..  subjection 

...  —  D       occasion 
<=-^       creation 

>  n 

....is    .   association 
missionary 

v>    exhibiton 

1-^3     direction 

:.S"?    .    national 

U  tuition 
0  .  ...  station 

-       correction 
collection 
crrr*       aggression 

••-^\   --   situation 
..   <r>y..  dissuasion 
....  V*v     psrsuasion 

„  U  instruction 

ESHUN   HOOK. 

\ 

-    .  .opposition 

1  —  e 
acquisition 

o~^   ..  ..conversational 
...     <4,  --  .conversationist 

..  \o  ....position 

-  •  ;^C       procession 

\           possession 

T 

.__  _..".  decision 

\proposition 

J 

.  oi     ...  -generalization 

o^         compensation 

p  /^e 
...S4        civili/ation 

—  o  .     accession 

"X— 

TT'....  organization 

0, 

..    realixaiioti 

78  SCOTT-BROWNE'S   TEXT-BOOK 

SHADING  AND   LENGTHENING. 

LE  S3ON     XXII. 


SHADING  EM. 

I.    Em  is  shaded  to  express  a  following/  or  b,  and  is  then  called 
Emp  or  Emb.     Illustration: 
i 


I 

imp,     stump,     hemp,     lamp,    glimpse,    wampum,    limbo,    embargo. 

LENGTHENING  EMP. 
2.     Emp  is  lengthened  to  add  a  following  r.     Illustration: 

empire,       temper,       simper,       ember,       chamber,       somber. 


3.— WRITING   EXERCISE. 

Pomp,  pumps,  bump,  damp,  dumps,  stamp,  stump,  stampede, 
jumps,  camp,  gump,  vamp,  thump,  lamp,  lump,  limp,  romp,  rump, 
mumps,  swamp,  samp,  slump,  hump,  hemp,  primp,  plump,  tramp, 
crump,  cramp,  glimpse,  wampum,  limbo,  Jumbo,  humbug,  Sambo. 

Pumper,  Plumper,  temper,  temporal,  distemper,  damper,  jumper, 
Kemper,  vampire,  romper,  hamper,  scamper,  ember,  umber,  amber, 
somber,  limber,  lumber,  chamber,  slumber,  December,  November, 
September,  dismember,  timber,  cumber,  encumber,  Cumberland, 
Chamberlain. 

LENGTHENING  ING. 

4.  Ing  is  lengthened  to  express  a  following  kr  (Ker)  or  gr  (Ger). 
Illustration: 

anchor  or  anger,          sinker,  winker,  tinker, 

_O  J*~s.  ._O jo 

thinker,  finger,  linger,  stronger. 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 


LENGTHENING   THE   OTHER   CURVES. 
5^    AU  the  ocher  curved  stems  are  lengthened  to  express  a  fol- 
lowing tr,  dr,  thr,  dhr.     Illustration: 


enter,         render,        smarter,         mother,    philanthropy,      father. 

6.     Of  the  straight  stems,  only  Ra  and  Hah  are  lengthened  to 
express  the  following  words: 


•writer,         rather,        hither. 


7.— WRITING   EXERCISE. 

Anchor,  sinker,  Bunker,  tinker,  canker,  rancor,  ranker,  thinker, 
spanker,  winkers,  hanker,  handkerchief. 

Anger,  finger,  linger,  languor,  stronger,  monger,  mongrel, 
hunger,  Hungerford. 

Father,  fatherless,  fatherly,  mother,  motherly,  motherless, 
thither,  nitre,  neuter,  center,  central,  Easter,  eastern,  easterly, 
Esther,  oyster,  Astor,  Astral,  astronomy,  astronomical,  astronomer, 
latter,  later,  literature  (La-ter-Cher),  literary,  latterly,  literally,  col- 
lateral, winter,  wonder,  wander,  eccentric,  eccentricity,  render, 
hinder,  cinder,  sunder,  wither,  weather,  whither,  whether,  flounder, 
philantrophy,  philanthropist,  philanthropical. 

Enterprise,  interrupt,  interruption,  entertain,  interest,  interested, 
introduce,  introduction,  interpret,  interpretation,  interpose,  inter- 
twine, interdict,  uninterrupted,  uninteresting. 


8.— ABBREVIATIONS.— DOUBLE  LENGTHS.— No  12. 


( 

i 


father 
thither 

)         ....Easter 
(          .       letter 

thitherward 

f  ...               literary 

8u 


SCOTT-BROWNE'S   TEXT-ROOK 


latter 

writer 

.-^"...rather 

... matter,  mother 

._ neither,  entire 

entirely 

..  .interest 


senator 


.  northern 


^N— . •/  ....  longer 

-  -   ^\or     >|  .  .water 

^"X          ..   whithersoever 

V 

*\  weather 

-^^X    whether 

<ZL...    . hither 

.  ~-\  hither  and  thithei 

«rv\     farther,  further 

C~X    farther  than 


OF  PHONO  GRAPHY.  Ql 


PREFIXES    AND    AFFIXES. 

LESSON     XXIII. 


PREFIXES. 

r.  —  The  prefixes,  con,  com,  cum,  cog;  contra,  contro,  counter; 
fore;  magna,  magne,  magni;  circum,  self;  etc.,  are  represented  by 
brief  arbitrary  signs  written  either  before  or  above  the  remainder 
of  the  word. 

CON,    COM,    CUM,    COG. 

2.  —  The  sign  for  con,  com,  cum  and  cog  is  a  dot.     Illustration: 

.....  j-  ..........  S  ............  .Vx  ..........  ±1'.: 

contain,     comprise,     cumbersome,     cognitiv. 
CONTRA,  CONTRO,  ETC. 

3.  —  The  sign  for  contra,  contro  and  counter  is  a  tick.     Illustration: 


contradiction,          controversy,       countermand* 

FORE. 

4.  —  The  sign  for  fore  is  Ef.     Illustration: 


forestall,  forefathers. 

MAGNA,  ETC. 

5.  —  The  sign  for  maga,  magne  and  magni  is  Em.     Illustration: 

s~*Ls^~b_  .........  _  ..........  L_   ......  __  ........  V_y 

magnanimous,  magnetic,  magnify. 

CIRCUM  AND  SELF. 

6.  —  The  sign,  for  circum  and  self  is  a  small  circle,  written  \njirst 
position  before  or  above  the  remainder  of  the  word,  for  circum,  and 
in  second  position  before  or  above  the  remainder  of  the  word  for  self. 
Illustration: 

S-N  o 

...........  ..  A  .................  ........  >•>  .....  . 

circumscribe,  self-made. 


SCOTT-BROWNE'S   TBXT-BOOK 


COMPOUND   PREFIXES. 

7. — Whenever  any  other  syllable  comes  before  these  prefixes — 
thus  making  a  compound  prefix — the  stem  or  sign  for  the  syllable  is 
written  in  the  prefix's  place,  and  the  prefix  is  not  written,  but  implied, 
or,  understood  to  be  expressed,  together  with  the  syllable  standing  in 
its  place;  or,  in  other  words,  if  a  stem  or  circle  is  written  over  another 
stem  in  such  a  way  as  to  occupy  the  place  of  a  prefix  sign,  it  must 
be  read  together  with  the  prefix — the  syllable  that  the  sign  stands 
for  being  read  first  and  the  prefix  last.  Illustration: 


conceivable, 


inconceivable, 


1 

construe, 


-1.  ........ 

misconstrue' 


*lc          k~ 

w 

compromised,         uneompromised,        committal,  non-committal, 

•  O 

V3  /xj  »P 

_ /^r-r: 1.. I 

cognition,  recognition,  conceit,  self-conceit. 

X K •* UN 

composed,  decomposed,  comfort,  discomfort, 

L  '*v  ^"^"^ 

—   — i  — — 

contradicted,         uncontradicted,          controvert,         uncontroverted, 

reconcilable,       irreconcilable,          magnetized,         unmagnetited 
eircumspect,       uncircumspect.  selfish,  unselfish, 

foreseen,  unforeseen,         accommodation,  incognito, 

V_P  ^^ 

non-conductor,          uncommon,  concomitant. 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY. 


8.  —  Some  words,  having  the  prefix  discon,  are  not  conveniently 
written  according  to  the  usual  rules  for  writing  compound  prefix 
words,  in  which  case,  the  remainder  of  the  word  is  written  near  the 
prefix  sign,  and,  in  some  cases,  the  prefix  is  expressed  in  full,  about 
as  quickly  as  to  use  a  disconnected  sign.  Illustration: 


discontinue,  discontent,  disconnect. 

9.  —  The  syllable  kong,  in  Congress,  conquer,  etc.,  is  expressed  by 
the  con  dot,  thus: 


Congress,  conquer. 

10.  —  Con,  com  or  cog  can  be  expressed  by  writing  the  remainder 
of  the  word  close  to  a  preceding  word,  thus: 


U 


in  connection,        in  consideration,        common  consent. 


riF* 

Lv 
must  contrive,         to  be  concluded,  will  convince. 


ii.—  READING  EXERCISE. 

"^  ..................  '^S>  .............    I  ....... 

common,  commence,  committee. 

_  Lj  _______________  L  .......  ____  .....  Ii  ...... 

continued,         constituent,  contrition. 


.....   - 


84  SCOTT-BROWN ffS   TEXT-BOOK 

12— WRITING  EXERCISE. 

Compute,  computed,  computation,  compose,  composes,  com- 
posed, composition,  compositor,  compost,  compound,  compounded, 
compassion,  comprise,  comprised,  compressed,  comply,  complied, 
complex,  complexion,  complication,  complicate,  combine,  contain, 
contains,  contusion,  constrain,  construction,  contrite,  contrition, 
contribute,  contribution,  consistently,  constantly,  continue,  con- 
tinued, constrained,  condemn,  condemnation,  conjure,  concur,  con- 
course, concrete,  conclude,  conclusion,  conclave,  conglomerate,  con- 
glomeration, confide,  confidence,  configuration,  conflagration,  con- 
vex, convivial,  convenience,  convenient,  convey,  conveyance,  con- 
vert, convertible,  conceive,  conception,  completion,  compilation, 
compensation,  condense,  condensation,  contrive,  contrives,  con- 
trary, conduct,  construct,  contract,  control,  controllable,  contrasted, 
console,  consolation,  consolidate,  consolidation,  conservatory,  con- 
servation, conservatism,  concern,  common,  commune,  commence, 
commenced,  conquer,  conquerable,  congress,  congressional,  cog- 
nate, cognation,  cognition,  cognomen,  cognominal,  cognominate. 

Accomplish,  accomplishments,  accommodated. 

Inconsistent,  inconstant,  inconsolable,  uncontrollable,  uncon- 
vinced, unconquerable,  inconceivable,  uncommon,  uncommonly, 
recompense,  recommend,  recommendation,  recognize,  recognizes, 
recognized,  recognition,  recognizable,  misconstruction,  miscompute, 
non-conformity,  non-committal,  non-conductor,  decomposition,  dis- 
comfort, disconcert,  disconcerted,  disconnection. 

Contraband,  contradict,  contradiction,  contradistinction,  contra- 
vene, counterpoise,  counterpoint,  contrapuntal,  counteract,  counter- 
acted, counteraction,  counter-irritant,  counter-irritation,  countermand, 
counter-mine,  counter-balance,  counterpart,  countersign. 

Foreknow,  fore-ordain,  foretell,  fore-told,  foreknowledge, 
forewarn,  foreseen,  foresight,  forerunner,  forecast,  foreshadow, 
fore-foot,  fore-finger,  fore-father,  foresee,  fore-lock,  forebode,  fore- 
close, foreclosure,  forego,  foregone,  foreground,  forehanded. 

.     Magnanimous,  magnanimity,  magnify,  magnificent,  magnitude, 
magnetism,  magnetic,   magnesia. 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY.  §5 


LESSON    XXIV. 


AFFIXES. 

1.  —  Affixes  (also  termed  suffixes)  are  expressed  by  simple  stems 
or  arbitrary  signs,   either  joined  or  disjoined,  and  are  great  aids  to 
speed  without  impairing  legibility. 

BLE,    ELY. 

2.  —  When  it  is  not  convenient  to  write  Bel  (Be  with  /  hook)  for 
the    final   syllables   ble  and   bly  the   simple   stem  Be  is  employed 
Illustration: 


profitable-blyt  sensible-bly. 

SELF  AND   SELVES. 

3.  —  When  self  and  selves,  at  the  end  of  words,  cannot  be  ex- 
pressed by  their  full  forms  —  Slay-Ef  and  Slay-  Ves  —  the  small  joined 
circle  is  employed  for  -!•<•//"  and  the  large  one  for  selves.  Illustration: 


thyself.  themselves, 

SHIP. 

3.  —  Ship,   in  nearly  all  cases,  at  the  end  of  words,  is  expressed 
by  disjoined  Ish.     Illustration: 


friendship^  partnership, 

LY. 

4.  —  When  La,  for  the  syllable  ly,  at  the  end  of  words,  cannot  be 
Joined,  it  is  expressed  by  La  written  over  or  by  the  side  of  the  stem 
next  to  it  Illustration: 

/  —  a  vs~~ 

'  V 

manly,  positively. 


g({  SCOTT-BROWNE  'S  TEXT-BOOK 

ING. 

5.  —  The  added  syllable  ing,  at  the  end  of  words,  is  expressed  by 
a  dot  directly  at  the  end  of  the  stem  or  sign.     Illustration: 


doing,  taying,  owing. 

INGS. 

6.  —  The  added  syllable  ings  is  expressed  by  either  a  small  circle 
or  an  inclined  tick  written  in  the  ing-dot's  place.     Illustration: 


) 


........         ........ 

doings,  sayings. 

INGLY. 

/.  —  The  added  syllable  ingly,  at  the  end  of  words,  is  expressed 
by  a  disjoined  La  written  across  ing-dot's  place.     Illustration: 


knowingly,  trustingly. 


ABBREVIATIONS  AS  AFFIXES. 

TO 

8. — The  syllable  to,  at  the  end  of  words,  following  any  other 
stem  than  Un,  is  expressed  by  the  little  vowel  sign  employed  as  the 
abbreviation  of  the  word  to.  Illustration: 


thereto,  hitherto. 

ON. 

9. — On,  at  the  end  of  words,  is  expressed  by  the  n  hook  when 
it  is  not  convenient  to  use  the  regular  sign.     Illustration: 

I) &<?. 

thereon,  whereon. 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY. 


OF. 


10.  —  Of,  at  the  end  of  words,  is  expressed  by  the  /-hook,  on 
straight  stems,  but  after  curves  by  the  little  vowel  sign  employed  as 
the  abbreviation  for  of.  Illustration: 


•whereof,  hereof,  thereof, 

IN. 
II,  —  In,  at  the  end  of  words,  is  expressed  by  Un.     Illustration: 


•wherein,  herein,  therein. 

AFTER  AND   HAND. 

li.  —  After  and  hand,   at  the  end  of  words,  is  expressed  by  the 
the  abbreviations  for  those  words.     Illustration: 

........  <£  ...............  ?  ..............  V  .........  V.  .......... 

hereafter,  thereafter,      behindhand,       beforehand. 


88 


SCOTT-BROWNE 'S    TEXT-BOOK 


ANALOGY    AND    PHRASING, 


LE  SSON    XXV. 

ANALOGY. 

I. — In  writing  derivativ  words,  the  principle  of  analogy,  which 
preserves  the  form  of  the  primitiv  word  throughout  all  its  derivativs, 
should  be  observed,  unless  a  violation  of  it  would  secure  greater 
legibility,  speed  and  convenience  in  writing,  or  is  unavoidable 
through  difficult  or  impossible  joinings. 


PHRASING. 

2. — Another  means  of  gaining  speed  in  writing  is  the  joining  of 
two,  three  or  four  words  in  a  phrase  (only  such  common,  frequently 
occurring  words  as  phrase  naturally  in  speech,)  without  lifting  the 
pen — phrasing  only  words  that  join  easily,  and  with  a  free,  flowing 
movement,  and  that  are  perfectly  legible  in  the  phrase  form 
3. — PHRASES. 


^v 

by-and-by 

V 

did  you 

_._A 

J                       J 

should  be 

\- 

there  was 

K 

.  it  should  be 

^ 

...must  be 

7\ 

...should  not  be 

^ 

...  you  must 

L  .    . 

it  is  not 

^-~v 

..  .to  make 

...1 

•  it  would  be 

^ 

if  you  will 

\ 

j 

would  have 

\  —  ° 

of  course 

::C 

.  it  would  not  have 

\s 

better  than 

should  not  have 

j/^ 

would  rather 

.../CX^.  - 

some  one  else 

v 

..   is  not 

TWENTY  IMPROVEMENTS 

DISTINGUISHING  PART  I   OF 

SCOTT-BROWNE'S 

Text-Book  of  Phonography 

FROM 

OTHER  WORKS  ON  SHORTHAND  WRITING, 


i. — It  is  divided  into  twenty-five  lessons  consisting  of  the  principles, 
explained,  illustrated,  and  followed  by  reading  and  writing  exer- 
cises of  words  and  sentences;  all  the  divisions  of  a  lesson  follow- 
ing each  other  consecutively. 

2. — Directions  simplified  and  formulated  into  rules. 

3- — Extra  signs  for  the  vowels  in  err  and  air,  and  a  clear  analysis  of 
the  vowel  elements  of  the  language. 

4- — Positiv  values  for  the  difthong  signs,  enabling  the  writer  to 
put  them  in  the  most  convenient  place  by  the  stem. 

5- — Vowels  following  dif thongs  are  expressed  by  signs  joined  to  the 
difthong  signs. 

6. — Some  new  punctuation  marks. 

7 — Directions  for  the  formation  of  circles  on  stems  and  hooks. 

8. — Joining  brief  ffand  Y  (almost  invariably)  initially  and  medially. 

9- — Vowels  preceding  or  following  the  brief  W  or  Y  expressed  by 

signs  joined  to  the  brief  W  and  Y  signs. 
10. — Simplifying  the  Aspirate  representation — doing  away  with  the 

dot  and  thickening  methods. 
TI. — Arranging  the  abbreviations,   or  *' word-signs,"  in  eleven  lists, 

convenient  for  reference. 

12. — Changing  conflicting  and  illegible  Abbreviations. 
13. — Reducing  the  number  of  abbreviations  from  six  thousand  to 

about  five  hundred. 

14. — Sparing  use  of  the  halving  principle. 
15. — Tick  for  the  final  syllable  ed  and  sometimes  for  final  d. 
16. — Modifying  the  aspirate  stem  to  add  /  and  r. 
17.— Initial  tick  iorW,  making  legible  the  words  dwell,  quick,  thwack, 

etc.,  and  many  Spanish  names. 

1 8. — Lengthening  Ra  and  Hah  only,  of  straight  stems  to  add  tr,  thr. 
19. — Improving  the  prefix  and  affix  signs. 

20. — Adoption  of  the  Congressional  Reporters'  forms  for  the  words 
current,  crowned,  grant,  grand,  etc. — Ker  and  Ger  with  half- 
length  n  stem. 


PHONOGRAPHIC  TEXT-BOOKS 

AND  OTHER  PUBLICATIONS 

Helpful  to  Stenographers  and 
Students 

SEEKING   A   BUSINESS   EDUCATION. 


—BY— 

D.  L.  SCOTT- BROWNE, 

23  CLINTON   PLACE,   NEW- YORK,   N.   Y., 

Editor  of  BROWNE'S  PHONOGRAPHIC  MONTHLY,  Organ  of  the  Profession,  and  Author 
of  the  AMERICAN  STANDARD  Series  of  Text-books. 

SCOTT-BROWNE'S    TEXT-BOOK    OF   PHONOGRAPHY. 

A  complete  guide  to  the  mastery  of  the  art.  Arranged  for  private  or  class  in- 
struction. The  only  phonographic  text-book  issued  in  twenty  years  that  gives  the 
results  'in  new  principles)  ot  the  application  of  the  art  to  verbatim  reporting.  Con- 
cise and  clear  directions  for  the  student.  Fully  illustrated,  and  every  lesson  com- 
plete in  itself.  Price $2  oo 

ALSO   BOUND   IN   PARTS. 

PART  I. — Comprising  all  the  Principles,  Abbreviations  (or  "word- signs,")  and 
Lessons  complete  «i  oo 

PART  II. — Containing  a  review  of  Principles,  and  their  application  to  different  kinds 
of  reporting,  together  with  chapters  on  Methods,  Varieties,  and  the  Laws  Governing 
Speed  of  NV  riting,  etc.,  etc |i  oo 

SCOTT-BROWNE'S    PHONOGRAPHIC   COPY-BOOK. 

Arranged  as  a  companion  book  to  the  "Text-Book  of  Phonography,"  for  a  help 
to  the  student,  who  could  not  always  have  the  large  book  at  hand.  Contains  practise 
exercises  on  all  the  principles,  with  blank  pages  for  writing  the  same.  It  is  the  ONLY 
phonographic  copy  book  with  engraved  shorthand  copies.  Price 25 

SCOTT-BROWNE'S    FIRST    PHONOGRAPHIC   READER. 

Composed  of  Reading  Lessons  which  illustrate  the  application  of  Principle*.,  and 
contains  nearly  all  the  "  word-si.^ns  "  in  the  system — 350  ot  them — together  with  50  of 
the  most  common  phrases.  Price 50 


l/n  preparation.] 

THE   STUDENTS'    DICTATION-BOOK. 

A  work  of  Graded  Selections,  to  form  Readings  for  Students'  Practise  for  Speed  in 
Shorthand  writing;  together  with  Instructions  and  Directions  for  Practise  and  Study. 
Price $2  oc 

[/«  preparation.} 

SCOTT-BROWNE'S  REPORTERS'  BOOK  OF  LEGAL  FORMS. 

Shows  how  the  Law  Reporter  indicates  Questions  and  Answers,  treats  Objections, 
Rulings  of  the  Court,  Remarks  of  Counsel,  Exhibits,  Judge's  Charge,  explains  Refer- 
ence Reporting,  and  gives  definitions  of  Legal  Terms.  The  different  forms  of  taking 
notes  in  Law,  Literary,  and  Business  matters  are  given,  Illustrated  in  Shorthand, 
with  key  in  common  print.  Price $2  oo 

[/»  preparation, .] 

WORD-FORMS  AND  THEIR   DERIVATIVES. 

A  work  presenting  the  primitive  form  of  words  with  their  derivatives,  engraved 
in  Shorthand,  in  the  manner  of  writing  them  in  Verbatim  Reporting.  Analogy  of  form 
is  preserved,  thus  shortening  the  study  to  the  acquisition  of  the  art.  A  key  and  ex- 
planatory notes  are  also  given  in  common  print.  More  useful  than  a  Phonogr?phic 
Dictionary,  because,  while  finding  the  particular  word  wanted,  the  Student  is  taught 
how  to  write  all  its  derivatives  without  extra  study  and  search  to  find  each  particular 
word,  as  in  a  dictionary,  separately.  All  other  text-books  so  far  published  give 
different  phonographic  forms  for  the  several  derivatives  belonging  to  one  class  of 
words.  Simple,  complete,  instructive;  useful  alike  to  both  Student  and  Reporter 
for  reference.  Price. $2  oo 

[/»  preparation.} 

STENOGRAPHERS'   DIRECTORY  (1882), 

By  D.  L.  Scott-Browne;  comprising  the  Names,  Addresses,  Positions  held,  Salaries 
paid,  and  Systems  written  by  all  the  Professional  Stenographers  in  the  United  States 
and  Canada.  A  guide  to  Stenographers  as  to  prices  to  charge  for  Reporting  by  the 
Job,  Day,  Week,  or  Month;  it  will  form  a  Standard  of  Rates,  and  Work  for  Reference 
to  parties  asking  the  rates  given.  It  will  settle  the  vexed  question  as  to  extent  of  use 
of  the  different  Methods  of  Shorthand,  showing  which  is  the  most  popular  and 
Standard.  Price $2  oo 

[/«  preparation.} 

SCOTT-BROWNE'S  AMERICAN    BOOK   OF   BUSINESS 
LETTERS, 

By  D.  L.  Scott-Browne.  A  genuine  work  of  actual  Business  Letters,  as  written 
everv  day  in  leading  mercantile  houses  in  all  branches  of  trade,  and  the  only  book 
giving  real  letters  embracing  the  technicalities  belonging  to  different  businesses. 
Adapted  to  use  in  Schools  and  Business  Colleges,  and  for  practise  by  Stenographers 
fitting  themselves  for  Business  Correspondence,  learning  Forms,  and  familiarizing 
Business  Expressions $2  oo 


[/a  preparation.} 

CALIGRAPH    INSTRUCTOR, 

Containing  Practise  Exercises  for  rapidly  and  skillfully  fingering  the  key-board;  Forms 
of  and  directions  for  getting  up  Lccjal  Papers,  Business  Letters  and  general  matters, 
with  instructions  for  munipulating  the  machine  in  all  kinds  of  work  and  keeping  it  in 
order.  This  book  will  also  be  useful  to  Type- Writer  operators 33 


THE    CALIGRAPH. 

A  machine  indispensable  to  students,  business  and 
professional  men,  for  legible  and  rapid  writing. 

Thousands  of  them  in  use. 

Can  be  operated,  after  a  week's  use,  by  young  people 
or  men  and  women  as  rapidly  as  longhand  writing,  and 
after  two  or  three  months's  time  the  speed  of  writing  will 
increase  from  sixty  to  eighty  words  a  minute. 

Send  for  a  descriptive  circular,  price,  and  list  of 
patrons. 

D.  L.  SCOTT-BROWNE, 

23  Clinton  Place,  New- York,  N.  Y. 

REPORTERS'    MATERIAL, 

Such  as  Pens,  Pencils,  Note-Books,  Reporters'  Covers,  Fountain  Pens,  Pencil  Cases, 
Pocket  Ink-Stands,  Caligraphs  and  Type- Writer  Ribbons  and  Paper,  Binder  for  the 
MONTHLY,  Letter-File,  etc,,  etc.,  Wholesale  and  Retail.  Send  for  Price  List. 

D.  L.  SCOTT-BROWNB,  Manufacturer, 

»3  Clinton  Place,  New- York,  N.  Y. 

SCOTT-BROWNE'S  COLLEGE  OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 

Principles  and  Speed  imparted.  All  lessons  given  by  dictation.  Pupils  advanced 
by  any  system  desired. 

Terms,  and  Catalogue  of  about  400  Pupils  and  Graduates  sent  upon  application. 
A  thoro  course  of  preparation   for  business  is  given  by  actual  dictations  in  our 
business  and  editorial    offices,   and  in  doing  professional   work,  as  soon  as   thoro 
competency  has  been  reached. 

The  only  exclusively  Shorthand  College  in  America. 

D.  L.  SCOTT-BROWNB,  Principal, 
33  Clinton  Place,  New-York,  N.  Y. 

BROWNE'S  PHONOGRAPHIC  MONTHLY  AND  RE- 
PORTERS JOURNAL. 

Oldest,  largest,  cheapest,  most  popular;  most  shorthand  engraving  and  phono- 
graphic news;  contributions  from  every  part  of  the  world;  leading  questions  treated 
editorially.  Gives  portraits,  sketches,  and  fac-simile  notes  of  eminent  reporters; 
lessons  and  engraved  reading  matter  for  students,  by  the  different  leading  systems; 
offered  improvements;  personal  notices  of  the  doings  of  stenographers  everywhere. 
Unbiased,  untrammeled,  independent,  progressive.  Organ  of  the  profession.  A 
specimen  copy  (free)  will  convince  you  that  it  "is  the  leading  shorthand  jonrnal." 

Thirty-two  royal  octavo  pages — began  publication  in  1875.  Single  number,  zocts.; 
year's  subscription,  $2.00.  Grand  Holiday  Number  in  December. 

D.  L.  ScoiT-BROWNB,   Conductor  and  Publisher, 

•3  Clinton  Place,  New- York,  N.  Y. 

ALL  ABOUT  SHORTHAND  AND  ITS  ACCESSORIES, 

with  a  Catalogue  of  400  Pupils  and  Graduates  of  SCOTT-BROWNB'S  COLLEGE  OF  PHONOG- 
RAPHY. A  48  page  pamphlet  of  information  about  books,  systems,  positions,  salaries. 
Type- Writers  and  type-writing.  Answers  all  the  questions  an  enquirer  would  be 
1-kely  to  ask. 

For  free  distribution.     Sent  to  any  address  for  a  3C.  stamp. 

D.  L.  SCOTT-BROWNE,  Publisher, 

93  Clinton  Place,  New-York,  N.  Y. 


ot  CALiFUKPtlA 

AT 

LOS  ANGELES 
LIBRARY 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


Form  L9-25m-9,'47(A5618)444 


